tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44634220204713051432024-03-05T19:30:17.539-08:00Irshadian Pre-UPra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-28895671971762884932010-12-28T19:59:00.000-08:002010-12-28T20:55:06.034-08:00Fakta Menarik<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 28px; "><b>Anda boleh menukar bahasa di Facebook kepada bahasa "Pirate"</b></span></div><div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><b>Anda boleh menukar bahasa anda di Facebook kepada bahasa “Pirate.”<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimkISMdh_jmIW74cwCY3FGwn4r9GL84bbTcKXzJ9d60QxC9Y-2Q-ee1oytVtMY4y1UORAv_BzUW34iGxpRjyThjF0pMlRQ4VOy5Ai7mGeB0Mflb5J-fBcDwEV5CTm1vZeFAaQ5NCmRB-Y/s1600/facebookpirateenglish3.jpg"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 186px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimkISMdh_jmIW74cwCY3FGwn4r9GL84bbTcKXzJ9d60QxC9Y-2Q-ee1oytVtMY4y1UORAv_BzUW34iGxpRjyThjF0pMlRQ4VOy5Ai7mGeB0Mflb5J-fBcDwEV5CTm1vZeFAaQ5NCmRB-Y/s320/facebookpirateenglish3.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5555953125775777202" /></b></span></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Ini termasuk rakan-rakan anda memanggil “Mateys”, perkataan “Captain” muncul sebelum nama-nama rakan Facebook anda, gambar disebut portrait, ulasan/komen disebut “scrawling a mark” , dan menyukai sesuatu dengan mengatakan “Arr!”.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Bagaimana? Anda harus masuk ke “Akaun” dan kemudian “Bahasa” dan tukarkan kepada ”Inggeris (Pirate)”.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <h2 style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:21.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Myriad Pro', sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></o:p></span></h2><div><b><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Myriad Pro', sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 28px; "><span style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /><a href="http://faktamenarik.com/2010/09/lendir-mukus-siput-boleh-mengelakkan-luka-pisau-bagaimana/" title="Permanent Link: Lendir mukus siput boleh mengelakkan luka pisau. Bagaimana?"></a></span></span></span></b></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 28px; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b>Lendir mukus siput boleh mengelakkan luka pisau</b></span></b></span></div><div> <p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><strong><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></strong></p><p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "></span>Lendir mukus siput sangat berkesan dengan siput sendiri dapat melakukan perjalanan di sisi tajam pisau tanpa kecederaan.<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWeCI1Y17aLtz5YGrY3Y9lTwacq63BlV4CZevZZm7W72IVzBPokPwgW2LJjcBiPKBdaSNRMEQbdTdVXDu9mvuTegRjwDmkUODmYCKChUCZnV6yeblOU8Xm1iNJ-Hf3kZrMcGOj7PgL7do/s1600/siput.jpg"><img style="text-align: left;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px; " src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWeCI1Y17aLtz5YGrY3Y9lTwacq63BlV4CZevZZm7W72IVzBPokPwgW2LJjcBiPKBdaSNRMEQbdTdVXDu9mvuTegRjwDmkUODmYCKChUCZnV6yeblOU8Xm1iNJ-Hf3kZrMcGOj7PgL7do/s320/siput.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5555952839163983010" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; ">Siput dan lintah adalah hanya moluska yang hidup di darat, dan seperti sepupu mereka yang hidup di laut, mereka harus tetap lembap sepanjang masa. Kerana itulah cara terpantas untuk membunuh mereka adalah menuangkan garam pada mereka sehingga mereka mengering. Mereka meninggalkan jejak lendir ketika mereka berjalan sehingga mereka dapat bergerak di seluruh permukaan kering tanpa kehilangan kelembapan, dan sebagai manfaat sisi mereka dapat meluncur di pinggiran yang tajam, seperti pisau cukur, tanpa luka! Lendir mukus yang mereka hasilkan juga membuat sangat sukar bagi pemangsa untuk mengcengkam mereka di mulut.</span></b></span></div><div> <p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Jika anda ingin mengelakkan pisau pencukur dari merosakkan kulit anda sendiri, anda boleh cuba menggunakan lendir mukus siput dan lintah juga! Lendir tersebut boleh digunakan untuk mengubati benjolan pisau pencukur selepas pencukur. Tak percaya? Cubalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><b></b></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 21pt; "><b><span style="font-family: 'Myriad Pro', sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; "><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 21pt; "><b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b>Ketuhar boleh mengganggu isyarat wi-fi anda</b></span></span></span></b></p><b> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt; font-size: medium; "><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">Ketuhar sebenarnya boleh mengganggu isyarat wi-fi. Bagaimana?</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><o:p></o:p></span></p></b><p></p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhceHzyjH7vDNlPCwE4Bh0J9sDWwcc0bP1bIMhICDym7ngSc1HrtvWBC5L8kRTLiRih92DDKCCNJaV-SF-lfJfu5RIPJb2hd_5C6S6wRlJWrzlZlhlGeC11ObIuFStEOQd7zNWLneEw8n0/s1600/b00022vy4c01sclzzzzzzzt.jpg"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><img style="text-align: left;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 249px; " src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhceHzyjH7vDNlPCwE4Bh0J9sDWwcc0bP1bIMhICDym7ngSc1HrtvWBC5L8kRTLiRih92DDKCCNJaV-SF-lfJfu5RIPJb2hd_5C6S6wRlJWrzlZlhlGeC11ObIuFStEOQd7zNWLneEw8n0/s320/b00022vy4c01sclzzzzzzzt.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5555952612123377554" /></b></span></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Radiasi yang dipancarkan oleh gelombang mikro dari ketuhar dan sambungan Wi-Fi berada dalam rentang frekuensi yang sama. Ini mungkin berlaku kerana gelombang mikro yang kuat boleh mengganggu isyarat wi-fi lemah dalam masa 3 meter antara satu sama lain.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Namun, hal ini tidak mungkin berlaku, dan jika kekerapan berlaku, ketuhar anda memancarkan radiasi terlalu banyak. Berbahaya? Mungkin ada kebocoran, dan sebaiknya anda berfikir tentang mendapatkan ketuhar baru.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></b></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 12.0pt"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 28px; "><br /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 28px; "><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt; " ><b>Sehari adalah lebih dari setahun di planet Venus</b></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span">225 hari Bumi atau 7 1 / 5 bulan diperlukan untuk planet Venus membuat sebuah orbit lengkap mengelilingi matahari (bermakna 1 tahun Venus). Namun, diperlukan 243 hari lagi untuk Venus Bumi berputar pada paksinya sendiri (1 hari Venus).<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p></div></div></div><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></b><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 244px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXwKIbhyzH64hclC7-2lR3YYcFzc6gAryOvfce9BGHW8SG-jtPrmt5KwKY4qDvlniEDG0lCJctD32OT8olWtE1KwIydDNftSwV7gzctlaX3Q5pq4zxGhSjQN5INgBL98FqMu8lXqxmV6c/s320/16672venus.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5555953617996058610" /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 12.0pt"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span">Oleh kerana itu: 1 Venus bersamaan dengan Bumi tahun = 225 hari dan 1 hari Venus = 243 hari Bumi.</span></b></span></p><div></div>Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-67258760354161368472010-08-24T06:46:00.000-07:002010-08-24T07:07:50.018-07:00THE MAIN FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCES SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TRUANCY PROBLEMS.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg49aXOFGonmFSSdCay-qDk7vaFx8RUBUrlhYWeOPrWOsl6j8EjDIynO0T6ObIc1VIuED9qAJDyODTTCilBAjaQMtNvcwrJ9HJBhtDsL2bu09V0soLM-ca0L1506PAQ5rtfnnT5u7573Js/s1600/cover1.PNG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 238px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg49aXOFGonmFSSdCay-qDk7vaFx8RUBUrlhYWeOPrWOsl6j8EjDIynO0T6ObIc1VIuED9qAJDyODTTCilBAjaQMtNvcwrJ9HJBhtDsL2bu09V0soLM-ca0L1506PAQ5rtfnnT5u7573Js/s320/cover1.PNG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5508973174286213938" /></a><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Abstract</span></span></b></span></div><span style="font-style:italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In recent years, the rate of increase in discipline problems in schools dramatically improve the various parties on the question mark will cause the occurrence of this phenomenon. cut cases, especially the highest recorded number of cases compared with other disciplines. Truant students with symptoms of serious coverage levels increase despite the efforts have been made to overcome this problem.<br /><br />The question that arises is what are the main factors contributing to the symptoms of truancy among secondary school students? Finally, what are the measures or proposals should be brought to curb this problem? Therefore, the research was conducted to determine the factors that contributed to the symptoms of truancy and ideas that can be implemented to overcome this problem. The findings are expected to quickly provide guidance to all levels of society, especially among secondary school students at this time.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Appreciation</span></span></b></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatu.<br /> Thanked Allah because with by overflow his blessing we successfully completed research in subject Malaysian University English Test (MUET).<br /> All hard work, hard tired wade inside resistance and challenge complete assignment can overpowered with almost its. Here we wish to say thanks a million to SMKA AL-IRSHAD principal, Hjh Ms. Salmah Bt. Ishak because full support implementation of research for sixth formers. A lot vote of thanks to our guidance teacher, Mr Rosli Bin Saidin which many give coaching and inducement during carry out this research. Those ideas given he also many encourage us so that more creative in implementing working paper writing. No we forget vote of thanks to form six teachers which many monitor us during carry out this research.<br /> This research will not succeed without academic reference of library. As such thank you to centre teacher school's resources also helped and sanction to we to seek out reference through book reference material or internet access. Do not forget also thanks to all teachers in SMKA AL-IRSHAD willing cooperate and facilitate deal us when undertake research. To friends thanks a million because also helped and support us in implementing this research. Last of all thank you for all parties willing to help, cooperate and facilitate our workings of research.<br /> Lastly, we hope so that our study is able open one inside new paradigm handle problem we express. So much, thank you.</span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">1.0 Introduction</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3 style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">1.1 </span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">What is Truancy?</span></span></u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h3> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Truancy</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> is any intentional unauthorized absence from compulsory schooling. The term typically describes absences caused by students of their own free will, and usually does not refer to legitimate "excused" absences, such as ones related to medical conditions. The term's exact meaning differs from school to school, and is usually explicitly defined in the school's handbook of policies and procedures. It may also refer to students who attend school but do not go to classes.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="mediumtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">According to the Oxford Dictionary in 1965, truancy is one who absents himself from place of work, expecially the child who stay away without leave from school. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="mediumtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">While according to Norman Ismail (reported by the Yaakub, in 1977), truancy is one who absents or staying away from school without justiable reason and without the knowledge of parent of teachers.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">According to Encarta Dictionaries 2009, truant is somebody absent from school or </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">somebody who is absent without permission or good reason, especially from school<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">1.2 </span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Truancy Problem Most Serious Discipline</span></span></u></span></b></span><span class="longtext"><span style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span> </span><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Truancy is an act of misconduct and violation of school rules. </span></span><span style="background: white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">A student is considered absent, if absent from school without reason that allowed the school day. Late this problem is found more rampant and has reached a fairly serious. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">The media also regularly publish news about this problem until this time the teachers and parents feel a strong action should be done immediately prior to the negative symptoms are more chronic stage again. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">According to a report that was issued by the Ministry of Education, the percentage of students who are found to be involved with symptoms of increased absenteeism from time to time, especially for schools in urban areas. The real causes of this problem must be identified quickly so that steps can be carried out in order to overcome future generations of our students in the future.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Skipping school is not just a problem of discipline among students, but the larger question, including where and what do they do during the time the misconduct and the consequences. Of the eight types of disciplinary actions listed the Ministry of Education, truancy is ranked second highest after the irreverent, followed by a criminal nature, not concern about time, personal neatness, delinquency, vandalism and offensive obscenity. </span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Based on year 2007, due to student absenteeism is not only lagging behind in education, even worse, are involved in negative symptoms, such as drug abuse, vandalism, gangsterisme, liquor, sex, gambling and loitering. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Implications that may occur due to a problem that causes it to be absent from the Ministry of Education as one of the most serious discipline problems. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Records of the Ministry of Education in 2007 showed that 21.060 students (12:39 per cent) found skipping school, while the 24.840 students (0.46 percent) in 2006. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In addition to absenteeism, student misconduct, such as smoking irreverent, disrespectful of teachers and supervisors, and speaking the most vulgar is the offense occurred in the school cases involving 23.220 (12:43 per cent) in 2007 and 19.980 cases (0.37 percent) in 2006. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Nature of criminal offenses such as theft, injury to the student, also at the fight and many cases recorded in the school of 18.900 (12:35 percent) in 2007 and 18.360 (12:34 percent) in 2006. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">The issue of late to school or not concern about time is quite significant with 18.360 records of students (12:34 percent) engaged in 2007 and 15.120 students (0.28 percent) in the previous year. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Problems such as delinquency students bring mobile phones to school decreased significantly from the case, from 15.120 in 2006 to 8.640 cases in 2007. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> </span><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Vandalism offenses such as damage to facilities or vandalize the school building is less than 3.780 cases in 2006 to 3.240 cases in 2007. </span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Cases of misconduct to disciplinary character of obscenity, including sign language, drawing and using improper words to record the same amount in 2006 and 2007, the 2.700 case. </span></span></span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Statistics of the Ministry of misconduct discipline in the period 2003 to 2007 recorded an average rate of two per cent, while criminal cases are reviewed by the police records at an average rate of 0:03 per cent. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Although the number of cases of student discipline this country is far lower than other countries, the Ministry of Education will consider it an issue to be addressed seriously.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="590" style="width:442.15pt;margin-left:4.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;height:29.25pt"> <td width="290" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:217.15pt;border:double windowtext 2.25pt; border-bottom:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.25pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span class="mediumtext"><span style="line-height: 115%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Student Discipline Problems</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="144" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:1.5in;border-top:double windowtext 2.25pt; border-left:none;border-bottom:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:none; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.25pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> YEAR<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="156" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:117.0pt;border:double windowtext 2.25pt; border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.25pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1;height:24.75pt"> <td width="290" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:217.15pt;border:double windowtext 2.25pt; border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:24.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="144" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:1.5in;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:double windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:24.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">2006<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="156" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:117.0pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:double windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:24.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">2007<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2;height:16.5pt"> <td width="290" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:217.15pt;border-top:none; border-left:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-left-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mediumtext"><span style="line-height: 115%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Skipping school</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="144" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:1.5in;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">24840<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="156" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:117.0pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">21060<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3;height:15.75pt"> <td width="290" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:217.15pt;border-top:none; border-left:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-left-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mediumtext"><span style="line-height: 115%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Irreverent</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="144" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:1.5in;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">19980<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="156" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:117.0pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">23220<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4;height:15.75pt"> <td width="290" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:217.15pt;border-top:none; border-left:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-left-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mediumtext"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Crime</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="144" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:1.5in;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">18360<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="156" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:117.0pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">18900<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5;height:15.75pt"> <td width="290" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:217.15pt;border-top:none; border-left:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-left-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mediumtext"><span style="line-height: 115%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Not concern about time</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="144" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:1.5in;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">15120<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="156" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:117.0pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">18360<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6;height:15.75pt"> <td width="290" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:217.15pt;border-top:none; border-left:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-left-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mediumtext"><span style="line-height: 115%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Carry your phone to school</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="144" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:1.5in;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">15120<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="156" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:117.0pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">8640<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:7;height:15.75pt"> <td width="290" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:217.15pt;border-top:none; border-left:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-left-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mediumtext"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Vandalism offenses</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="144" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:1.5in;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">3780<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="156" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:117.0pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">3240<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:8;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:16.5pt"> <td width="290" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:217.15pt;border-top:none; border-left:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-bottom:double windowtext 2.25pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-left-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="mediumtext"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Misconduct disciplinary nature obscenity</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="144" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:1.5in;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:double windowtext 2.25pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">2700<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="156" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:117.0pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:double windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:double windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">2700<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"><span class="shorttext"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Table 1 Statistics of Student Discipline Problems In Year 2006 & 2007 By Education Ministry Of </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Malaysia</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Secondary schools are institutions for acquiring knowledge for students between the ages of 13 to 17 years. School institutions is also important to nurture the values required in future generations. However, schools often associated with student discipline problems. Among them is a truancy problem. Absenteeism is a term used to refer to any failure to attend classes in the school intentionally without reasonable excuse. Truancy problems among secondary school students is a serious problem. </span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /></span></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="shorttext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height: 200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .25in"><span class="mediumtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">2.0</span></span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span></span></b></span><span class="mediumtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> Troubleshooting</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.25in;line-height: 200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Symptoms of this increasingly prevalent from day to day. This problem was shackling the school after a long time. </span></span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Every day there are only cases of truancy reported. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">This problem actually occurred during the year just increased the number after each test before the holidays start. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Truancy is a behavior that violates school rules and if students left truancy and absenteeism from classes until the practices and habits, it can bring negative effects on students own self, family and school.</span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.25in;line-height: 200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Secondary school students are often involved in the truancy problem. So to curb this problem multi-factor factor must be identified. </span></span></span></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Measures to address attendance among high school students also need to find<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.25in;line-height: 200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height: 200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .25in"><span class="mediumtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">3.0</span></span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span></span></b></span><span class="mediumtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> Objectives Of Research</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">1. The objective of this study is to review the issue of truancy among secondary school students.</span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br />2. </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">This study aims to find the main factors in the occurrence of truancy among secondary school students.</span></span></span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br />3. </span></span> </span><span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In addition to the other objectives of the study is to find a solution to the problem of students skipping school by school.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height: 200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .25in"><span class="longtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">4.0</span></span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span></span></b></span><span class="longtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> The issue of truancy among secondary school students<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span class="shorttext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">4.1 </span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">5807 students examined in the ‘Ops Sayang’</span></span></u></span></b></span><span class="longtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.25in;line-height: 200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">DURING the year 2002 to 2004 of 5.807 students skipping school inspection operations (Ops Sayang) police conducted throughout the country.</span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="background: white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">A total of 4.097 persons (71 percent) boys and 1.710 girls involved in the examination during the operation.</span></span></span></span><span style="background: white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">But from the statistics, in </span></span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Penang</span></span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">, the number of women examined during the operation were more than girls.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">According to Chief Assistant Director of Administration D1 Criminal Investigation Department of the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) ACP Aishah Mohammad, of the 153 students examined in the state, 78 are females while 75 are boys.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Silver is the most extensive land operation launched during the period.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">299 of Ops Sayang followed launched in Johor (92), Pahang (83), Sabah (80), Negeri Sembilan (31), </span></span><st1:city st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Kuala Lumpur</span></span></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> (30), Kedah (22), Perlis (7), and their five operations in Kelantan and </span></span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Penang</span></span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Although Perlis only launched seven operations, but the number of students examined in the current operation is more than students in Johor which launched operations in 1992.</span></span></span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">A total of 931 of students examined in Perlis, compared to 382 student in Johor.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">According to Aishah although the number of students who are not involved but the matter must be contained because the symptoms may contribute to truancy among students of criminal activity.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">4.2 </span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Punishments imposed for truancy</span></span></u></span></span><u><span style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> (</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Other countries)</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></u></h2> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In the </span></span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">United Kingdom</span></span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">, failure to secure regular school attendance of a registered pupil is a criminal offence for parents. Also, a police officer of or above the rank of superintendent may direct that for a specified time in a specified area a police officer may remove a child believed to be absent from a school without authority to that school or to another designated place. This is commonly known as a "truancy sweep".</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In many Canadian provinces, a police officer who suspects a child of the correct age to be deliberately missing school for no legitimate reason has the authority to take that child to the school he or she is supposed to attend.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In the </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">United States</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">, the fine for truancy can range from $250 to as much as $5000. In some cities teenagers found on the streets during school hours are sometimes even handcuffed. About 12,000 students were ticketed for truancy in 2008 in </span></span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Los Angeles</span></span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">. Many states provide for the appointment of local truancy officers who have the authority to arrest habitually truant youths and bring them to their parents or to the school they are supposed to attend. Many states also have the power to revoke a students driver's license. It is an office which, where it exists, is often held by a person also a constable or sheriff. However, the position of a full-time truancy officer is generally viewed as being a relic from the 19th century when mandatory school attendance was relatively new. Truancy regulations today are generally enforced by school officials under the context of parental responsibility. New automated calling systems allow the automated notification of parents when a child is not marked present in the computer.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Australia</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">, schools, in most cases, contact and keep a close relationship with local police to combat 'wagging'. Most schools, who have a nearby police station, have police vehicles monitoring the areas around the school grounds who look for truant students. In most cases the students are returned to the schools. The Australian Government threatened to take action on parents who have truanting students by withdrawing child support payments to any parent whose child is caught multiple times. Recently, schools have started a system whereby if students are not marked as present, the school computers will automatically SMS the parent(s) of the child to notify of their absence. Also, the use of marking present lists at schools has been taken over by that of computers. This way of checking if a student is absent, is a more accurate way to identify if the student is wagging and in what class.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Germany</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">, the parents of a child absent from school without a legitimate excuse are notified by the school. If the parents refuse to send their child to school or are unable to control their child, local child services or social services officers may request the police to escort the child to school, and in extreme cases can petition a court to partially or completely remove child custody from the parents. Parents may also be fined in cases of refusal.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Denmark</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">, some welfare benefits can be confiscated for a period if the child does not attend school. However, not all cities use this approach to keep the children in school. Most cities watch for families who have not returned their children to school after the summer vacation because some groups exiled their children to their ethnic home countries for behavior modification. In the city of </span></span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Aarhus</span></span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">, 155 children had not turned up one week after the school started. April 2009 a research among 4,000 students showed that more than every third student had been absent during the last 14 days.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In </span></span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Finland</span></span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> a truant pupil gets usually detention in comprehensive school. The police isn't involved in truancy controlling but the teachers of the school monitor the school area and sometimes the nearby areas during recess to avoid unauthorized leaving from the school area. If the pupil is absent for a long period of time the parents can be fined. Anyway, fining is the only way to force parents to put their children into school. The child will not be escorted to school or taken from parents.</span></span></p> <p style="line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">4.3</span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Implications of the symptoms of truancy among students in secondary schools.</span><o:p></o:p></span></u></span></b></span></p> <p style="text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">The effect of the symptoms of absenteeism among secondary school students is causing increasing social ills in a more severe among the students. While truancy, video game centers, cyber cafes, parks and shopping center will be the focus of this student. Engrossed with the game for the video game, unsure-negative and violent elements from video games can impact the behavior of students. Action game than a guide these students. So no wonder students now have teachers who are willing to kick and punch teacher. Similarly, the game in the cyber cafe. In public parks, students who prefer loitering and waste time so only. We have reached a day loitering in </span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">public</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> park. Worse there are also students who commit vandalism and smoking in public parks. Between students who have truancy and wasting time in the shopping center. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Students who have more severe </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">getting in love</span></span><span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">. This act is so shameful image of students. While holding hands with the half wore unifom school, they have no shame. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Symptoms of the critical social consequences once absenteeism problem is drugs and smell the gum. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">They do not attend school, contrary to the hidden places to carry out their activities. </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In addition, problems also result in absenteeism of students left behind in education. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Students who himself will certainly behind what teachers taught in the classroom. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Often students who will himself be 'addicted' to absenteeism. But students who have to absenteeism weeks. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">The effect is studied by the other partners are not learned by them. This problem will also result in absenteeism from school students who get a severe test results. This is because, their academic performance</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> become worst</span></span><span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">. Also become the main problem is there from among those who failed to pursue their studies after the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM). This is very grave all parties. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">This will indirectly delay the government's plan to produce more "human capital" first class. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Indeed, youth is now a legacy of future leadership of this country. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">But concern is if business leaders to produce a credible digugat by such problems.</span></span></span></span><span class="longtext"><b><u><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></u></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Among other effects due to symptoms of absenteeism is able to claim relationship with the teachers and students also can damage family relationships. Student truancy is usually free from teachers who feel they do not like. Students who are often less absenteeism will also hear the advice of parents and family members. If left persists then contact family members will be distant. Absenteeism also cause decreased levels of discipline a student.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span class="shorttext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">4.4</span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">What do students do when skipping from school ?</span></span></u></span></b></span><span class="longtext"><b><u><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></u></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Today, secondary school students more get in to truancy problems. This problem is most worrying of all parties. </span></span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Please note that students will inherit this country. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">If the school since they already truancy, but what about 10-20 years ahead of them. What will be the birth of workers who regularly truancy at work? Next what will happen to the productivity of workers in the country if we reveal this? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">But such things should we confine with the utmost in order to produce students who are disciplined, high attitude and highly knowledgeable. Truancy incumbent school students who already have the location of the incident during truancy. </span></span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Necessarily have to be where they go when truancy is a shopping center. Here they are free loafing. Dressed in their half school unifom would not like the shopping center. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">It's only non-benefits talk and some to the detriment of public order. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Instead of a deep love of video games, video game centers will be the focus. </span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In addition to the cyber café is also a focus on the truancy students. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Where they will play computer games or surfing the internet. Money given by the parents will spend on cyber café. Implications of computer games will cause students to action games make them violent and neglect in education and life. For those who surf the internet, the bad effects will ‘get-in’; students will access pornographic websites and immoral. </span></span></span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Students who are truant are often a waste of time in parks or reacreation places public clouds. Occasionally students are skipping school attendance affect the public peace in parks. They are just empty chat and make noise.Sometimes vandalism occurred. These students prefer to vandalize public facilities such as rest huts. Inappropriate words and names carved in high specific or table. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Students who are frequently truant also sometimes have a place or 'headquarters skipping' own. For example, in homes that are uninhabited. More alarming, these students often engaged in drug abuse sniff out gum. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Skipping school activities are often done in groups. But sometimes it happens in isolation on certain factors that will be discussed later. Therefore, should be curbed because of problems Truancy is bad effect on students themselves.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <h1><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 115%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">5.0 </span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Factors Which </span></span><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Influences</span></span></st1:placename><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><st1:placetype st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Secondary School</span></span></st1:placetype></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> Students In Truancy Problems.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h1> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">5.1 </span></span></span></b></span><span class="longtext"><b><u><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">The influence of friends</span></span></span></u></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> "Friends become close with the youth. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Good friends, they can lead to a good friend but if mistaken, will be bad affect.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span><span class="shorttext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Students are too easily influenced by friends</span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">. For example, if they felt their colleagues more closely and better understand, they will easily follow what friends do. They forget that the "friend of a friend sometimes even food." In this situation many students were trapped in skipping school activities.</span></span></span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /> </span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">One identified cause of this incident is the influence of peers. </span></span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Usually they have to plan ahead. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">They had conspired so that they can go to certain places. For example, they left school or are absent from school for loitering in certain places as empty talk, watch movies, video or VCD. So, they are absent from school due to spend time with their peers.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> The influence of friends can give a great impact to students. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Secondary school students are young adults and requires very friend. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">All the good and bad friends followed. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">These problems cause absenteeism. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Rarely do we hear cases of truancy are alone. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Instead absenteeism activities conducted in groups. So here clear that partners can attract students to a truancy. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Absenteeism from this group of students who will spend time together. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Youth is also easy to those who followed what they saw. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Also led to attitudes to try and influence our simple call is received.</span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Call from their peers for truancy will influence the minds of students who are not thinking rationally. They will only be by invitation and all call their friends without thinking long. This phenomenon occurs because the partners intend to truancy will provide a variety of reasons which are considered reasonable for them. Education in school activities and said bore truancy to recharge a reason not to attend school. This clearly shows the influence of friends became a factor in the occurrence of truancy among students.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">5.2 </span></span><span class="shorttext"><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Stress in students</span></span></u></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> The collapse of the family institution into one of the occurrence of symptoms factor Stress. This causes problems when students experience stress at home and likely will be carried away to school. So for students who face such problems will lose their spirit to attend to school. Obviously, they will turn elsewhere for releasing all the pressure in the face. But with truancy and to other places, their independent release anger, dormant and others. </span></span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">No noisy atmosphere in the school felt. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">There are also some students who are releasing the pressure with absenteeism due to family problems to cyber cafe. With this spirit they will be quiet before the game or when surfing the Internet. The collapse of the family institution is often caused due to narrowness of life faced by a family. Each member of this family run respectively. This led to emergence and selfish attitude of many conflicts will arise. Effects on children who are still learning, especially the youth. Therefore, to avoid it from happening, a family that must be mutual respect and selfless. It is important to prevent children plunged into the problem of truancy.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> The collapse </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">the family institution </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">also occurred in conflicts between parents cause their children are not forgotten. All actions of their children outside the home and at school are not taken serious. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Barrenness love and explosion pressure on the person students come from families with problems they are trying to cause truancy. This shows the collapse of family institutions affect discipline problems among students, particularly truancy problems.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In addition, the pressure at the root of the problem of school truancy. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Students absent from school because they feel depressed and do not want to learn. Because they are weak or moderate performance, many things are taught by teachers can not understand. This causes them to feel depressed because of embarrassment to the teacher or a friend. Eventually, they lose interest in learning. They think that the teacher scolded or wasting time in school, it is better they leave school and seek entertainment outside of school. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">5.3 </span></span></span></b></span><span class="shorttext"><b><u><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Lack of religious instruction and attention from parents</span></span></span></u></b></span><span class="longtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Religion education in the early stages of youth is very important education received one from her parents. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">It is because at this stage with regard to the transitional stage of life from a child to a teenager. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Symptoms following factors why truancy is still widespread are lack of religious upbringing and non-formal education from parents. Religious upbringing and discipline essential to develop good behavior. Act of truancy is also something that is wrong in religion. Lack of education on this matter led to students not afraid to make mistakes truancy. </span></span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Regardless of any consequences of their truancy. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Tutoring from parents who also result in less children to dare to truancy. Parents give less advice to learn as much as possible and not waste time cause their children to frequent absenteeism. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">While at home, children are not educated by their parents with the proper attitude of responsibility and not teach into their lives. This does not directly affect the formation of their personal practices and truancy is not an act practiced by those responsible. Education problems parents who are not effective sometimes can cause them not able to do the rational about the offense that they do terrible things and good things done by them. This proves that education of parents about proper indirectly affect the emergence of the symptoms of truancy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Much emphasis on religious education and good moral values high morals. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Highly acclaimed study of religion. Thus, the actions of students to stay away from studying was an act of religion that seem bad. Any student who is not religious education were skipping school that is a normal act and not against the ethics of life. As a result the problem of school absenteeism among secondary school students becoming rampant.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span> <span class="longtext"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">The lack of non-formal education by the parents also tend to cause students skipping school. </span></span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Values of less cultivated by parents of students. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Sometimes parents are not so concerned about the situation of their children during the school day or after returning from school.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In addition, note the lack of parents is also a factor to the problem of students skipping school by school. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Parents only give full responsibility to educate children to teachers alone. While in school 100% of parents believe their children. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Why did parents should monitor children to school. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Busy with career attitudes by parents influenced their children. Children are free to do whatever is popular because parents are busy living.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span style="background:white"></span></span></span></span><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">6.0 The Ways To Prevent The Truancy Problems Among Secondary School Student.</span></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">6.1 </span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Punishment & Counseling</span></span></u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">The most strict measures be implemented to overcome these problems is disciplined by the school. Students who need to be captured truancy actions coincide with the behavior. Laws and school rules must be tightened.</span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Heavier punishments such as suspended and expelled from school the school should be established for students who are frequency student absent from school without reasonable excuse. Detection system truancy practices that should be implemented more effectively so that students who frequent truancy can be detected more quickly and more effectively. Counseling services must be given to those who frequent absenteeism from school to ensure that the issues they face and help step can be implemented.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">6.2 </span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Attention from parents</span></span></u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">S</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">tudents who have been involved in the symptoms or who had not himself involved should be given attention by parents. Responsibility should not be released to 100 percent of teachers. Parents need to know about travel to take children to school. Monitoring also can sometimes be done to prevent something negative happens. At home, parents can give advice, and admonition to the children. This is an opportunity that must be used by parents to ask children progress in school.</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Parents also need to spend more time with their children and to give adequate attention to the behavior of their children in school. Freedom socialize with friends outside the school also should be controlled to avoid the children affected by practices like truancy. Non formal education should be at an early. Children should be educated to be more responsible in and capable of rational thought.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="mediumtext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">6.3 </span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">The role of society</span></span></u></span></b></span><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="mediumtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">The role of society is also important to prevent symptoms of absenteeism among secondary school students. The community is always in the social environment.</span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Society also need to collaborate in efforts to tackle this problem by reporting cases of absenteeism from schools outside the school if not detected. The government can also organize lectures and campaigns related to the dangers events at each school truancy. This can to some extent in helping creating self-awareness in students about the dangers behind the symptoms of truancy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="shorttext"><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">6.4 </span></span><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Increasing the value of religion and self-esteem of students</span></span></u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">One step that can be done to curb the symptoms of truancy is increasing religious beliefs and moral values. Motivational program for students with disabilities should be conducted. They need to be instilled with the values taught by religion and motivated to avoid negative symptoms that could harm themselves and their future. Besides self-esteem should be nurtured so that students are not easily influenced by cultures far contrary to the norms of life. Self-esteem is able to produce students who are motivated towards a positive thing. The effect is high student morale and higher knowledge will be produce.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></o:p></span></span><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">7.0 Conclusion</span></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></span></span></b><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">In recent years, increasing rates of discipline problems in schools in Malaysia that dramatically raise a question mark to various parties about the exact cause of occurrence of this phenomenon. Truancy cases mainly recorded the highest number of cases compared with other disciplines. Symptoms of truancy among students with increased rates of serious range although various measures have been implemented to tackle this problem. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> In fact, there is the main cause of absenteeism from school practices are caused by the influence of friends also become a cause of occurrence of truancy problems among students. Call from their peers for truancy will influence the minds of students who are not thinking rationally. They will only be by invitation and all call their friends without thinking long. This phenomenon occurs because the partners intend to truancy will provide a variety of reasons which are considered reasonable for them. Education in school activities and said bore truancy to recharge a reason not to attend school. This clearly shows the influence of friends became a factor in the occurrence of truancy among students.</span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background- background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">The collapse of the family institution into one of the occurrence of symptoms factor Stress</span></span></span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">. Occurred in conflicts between parents cause their children are not forgotten. All actions of their children outside the home and at school are not taken serious. </span></span><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Barrenness love and explosion pressure on the person students come from families with problems they are trying to cause truancy. This shows the collapse of family institutions affect discipline problems among students, particularly truancy problems. In a family with parents being the materialistic kind, practice to care for the welfare and needs of children have been taken over by the attitude that want to pursue purely material. Their children and love are not fully given. So no wonder if children choose to absenteeism from school and socialize with friends outside school who are considered more closely with them. Stress also caube by the situation in school.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Education of parents and religious were less absenteeism from school is becoming-so. While at home, children are not educated by their parents with the proper attitude of responsibility and not teach into their lives. This does not directly affect the formation of their personal practices and truancy is not an act practiced by those responsible. Education problems parents who are not effective sometimes can cause them not able to do the rational about the offense that they do terrible things and good things done by them. This proves that education of parents about proper indirectly affect the emergence of the symptoms of truancy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Among the measures that can be implemented to tackle this problem is to tighten school rules. Heavier punishments such as suspended and expelled from school the school should be established for students who are frequency student absent from school without reasonable excuse. Detection system truancy practices that should be implemented more effectively so that students who frequent truancy can be detected more quickly and more effectively. Counseling services must be given to those who frequent absenteeism from school to ensure that the issues they face and help step can be implemented. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Parents also need to spend more time with their children and to give adequate attention to the behavior of their children in school. Freedom socialize with friends outside the school also should be controlled to avoid the children affected by practices like truancy. Non formal education should be at an early. Children should be educated to be more responsible in and capable of rational thought. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Society also need to collaborate in efforts to tackle this problem by reporting cases of absenteeism from schools outside the school if not detected. Different attitude in the wilderness enau release shoots respectively must be erased in the society. The government can also organize lectures and campaigns related to the dangers events at each school truancy. This can to some extent in helping creating self-awareness in students about the dangers behind the symptoms of truancy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">Efforts to improve the morale and morality of students involved in school truancy is also important. Strong religious upbringing should be nurtured, guidance from parents, and improving moral values important to produce students who are independent of school truancy.</span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> Conclusion, all parties must work together in addressing this problem before it become more bad. By creating a more useful generation in the future also, from all the drastic measures should be implemented. Actions of one party alone will not result. So, together we work together to tackle this problem. </span></span><span class="mediumtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;">So, from this study can be identified that the main factors that cause secondary school students involved in the problem of absenteeism is the influence of friends</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><span class="mediumtext"><span style="background:white"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"></span></span></span></span></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="shorttext"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;">Reference</span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Times;">A.S. Homby, (1974) Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Times;mso-bidi-Times New Roman"font-family:";">Of Current English, <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Oxford</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><span class="Apple-style-span">lsmail Yusof,</span><span class="shorttext">Discipline in <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">School-Truancy</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">School</st1:placetype></st1:place></span><span class="shorttext"><span style="background:white">Report of the National Conference on Race</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><o:p> </o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span">Encarta Dictionaries 2009</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><o:p> </o:p></span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on"><span class="mediumtext">Oxford</span></st1:placetype></st1:place></st1:city><span class="mediumtext"> Dictionary in 1965</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p>Norman Ismail (reported by the Yaakub, in 1977)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p>http://blog.azhad.com/2008/07/ponteng-masalah-disiplin-paling-serius.html</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p>http://www.tutor.com.my/tutor/dunia.asp?dt=0518&pg=be_01.htm&sec=Berita&y=2005</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truancy</p><p class="MsoNormal">http://images.google.com.my/imglanding?q=truancy&imgurl=http://www.swansea.gov.uk/media/images/0/e/truancy_LARGE.jpg&imgrefurl=</p></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="longtext"><span style="line-height: 200%; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="longtext"><span style=" line-height: 115%; font-size:12pt;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"> </span></o:p></span></span></p><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></div><div><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:200%"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: 800; line-height: 38px;font-size:19px;"><br /></span></span></span></p></b></div></div>Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-11352306356125299682010-08-10T01:50:00.000-07:002010-08-10T02:01:18.583-07:00Ramadhan al Mubarak<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho3NnR-TDWgUoP5Bfx64Hu7cs89Swuuttct8Xagj2W8PxbJPmB1_iJX1RhxdHKhIj8v3LlG1a-V82ruCkosnxMF0PEAA08O8MiJcZ9kBQs04UcFA6p_1A4NhIZmMMaRZ0InOVT9scunL0/s1600/0-0.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 278px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho3NnR-TDWgUoP5Bfx64Hu7cs89Swuuttct8Xagj2W8PxbJPmB1_iJX1RhxdHKhIj8v3LlG1a-V82ruCkosnxMF0PEAA08O8MiJcZ9kBQs04UcFA6p_1A4NhIZmMMaRZ0InOVT9scunL0/s320/0-0.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5503701139832169970" /></a>
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<br />(Masa yang diwajibkan kamu berpuasa itu ialah) bulan Ramadan yang padanya diturunkan Al-Quran, menjadi petunjuk bagi sekalian manusia dan menjadi keterangan-keterangan yang menjelaskan petunjuk dan (menjelaskan) perbezaan antara yang benar dengan yang salah. Oleh itu, sesiapa dari antara kamu yang menyaksikan anak bulan Ramadan (atau mengetahuinya), maka hendaklah dia berpuasa bulan itu dan sesiapa yang sakit atau dalam musafir maka (bolehlah dia berbuka, kemudian wajiblah dia berpuasa) sebanyak hari yang ditinggalkan itu pada hari-hari yang lain. (Dengan ketetapan yang demikian itu) Allah menghendaki kamu beroleh kemudahan dan Dia tidak menghendaki kamu menanggung kesukaran dan juga supaya kamu cukupkan bilangan puasa (sebulan Ramadan) dan supaya kamu membesarkan Allah kerana mendapat petunjukNya dan supaya kamu bersyukur. (Al-Baqarah, ayat 185)
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<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">KELEBIHAN BULAN RAMADAN</span>
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<br />Bulan Ramadhan adalah bulan yang sangat tinggi darjat dan besar martabatnya di sisi Allah Subhanahu wa Ta‘ala dan RasulNya, ia juga menjadi penghulu segala bulan.
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<br />Di antara kelebihan dan keistimewaan bulan Ramadhan itu Allah Subhanahu wa Ta‘ala telah menurunkan kitab suciNya (Al-Qur’an) yang menjadi petunjuk bagi manusia. Firman Allah Subhanahu wa Ta‘ala:
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<br />Tafsirnya:
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<br />“(Masa yang diwajibkan kamu berpuasa itu ialah) bulan Ramadhan yang padanya diturunkan Al-Qur’an, menjadi petunjuk bagi sekalian manusia, dan menjadi keterangan-keterangan yang menjelaskan petunjuk, dan (menjelaskan) perbezaan antara yang benar dengan yang salah.”
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<br />(Surah Al-Baqarah: 185)
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<br />Dipilih di antara malam-malam bulan Ramadhan itu suatu malam Lailatul-qadr yang mana ia lebih baik dan lebih utama daripada seribu bulan. Seribu bulan itu kira-kira 83 tahun. Menurut ulama’ Lailatul-qadr itu jatuh pada salah satu malam sepuluh yang terakhir daripada bulan Ramadhan. Sayugia jangan disia-siakan malam-malam di bulan Ramadhan khasnya malam-malam pelikurannya dengan perkara-perkara yang tidak memberi faedah, bahkan hendaklah diisi dengan amal ibadat sebagai saham dan bekalan di dunia dan akhirat.
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<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2663/3850455477_64db5c5158_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2663/3850455477_64db5c5158_o.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a
<br />Lain-lain keistimewaan bulan Ramadhan itu sebagaimana sabda Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam:
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<br />Maksudnya:
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<br />“Sembahyang lima waktu, dan sembahyang Jumaat ke sembahyang Jumaat berikutnya, dan bulan Ramadhan ke bulan Ramadhan berikutnya adalah menjadi penebus dosa yang terjadi di antara waktu-waktu tadi, selama orang itu menjauhi dosa-dosa besar.”
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<br />(Hadis riwayat Muslim)
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<br />Sabda Baginda lagi:
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<br />Maksudnya:
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<br />“Dia (bulan Ramadhan itu) ialah bulan kesabaran dan ganjaran kesabaran itu ialah masuk syurga.”
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<br />(Shahih Ibnu Khuzaimah)
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<br />Sementara kesabaran itu pula ganjaran pahala tanpa perhitungan. Firman Allah Subhanahu wa Ta‘ala:
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<br />Tafsirnya:
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<br />“Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang bersabar sahaja yang akan disempurnakan pahala mereka dengan tidak terkira.”
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<br />(Surah Az-Zumar: 10)
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<br />Semoga segala amal ibadah kita di bulan yang mulia dan penuh barakah ini diberkati oleh Allah SWT. WassalamPra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-256365214593652172010-08-06T00:57:00.000-07:002010-08-06T01:09:32.359-07:00The Crust<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href=" http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/design/images/earth.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 540px; height: 540px;" src=" http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/design/images/earth.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The crust covers the mantle and is the earth's hard outer shell, the surface on which we are living. Compared to the other layers the crust is much thinner. It floats upon the softer, denser mantle. The crust is made up of solid material but this material is not the same everywhere. There is an Oceanic crust and a Continental crust. The first one is about 4-7 miles (6-11 km) thick and mainly consists of heavy rocks, like basalt. The Continental crust is thicker than the Oceanic crust, about 19 miles(30 km) thick. It is mainly made up of light material like granite.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">What does the crust consist of?</span><br />The crust consists of two parts: the oceanic and the continental crust.<br />Oceanic crust:<br />As the name already suggests, this crust is below the oceans. There, the crust is 4-7 miles (6-11 km) thick. The rocks of the oceanic crust are very young compared with the rocks of the continental crust. The rocks of the oceanic crust are not older than 200 million years. The material of which the oceanic crust consists is for the greater part tholeiitic basalt (this is basalt without olivine). Basalt has a dark, fine and gritty volcanic structure. It is formed out of very liquid lava, which cools off quickly. The grains are so small that they are only visible under a microscope. The average density of the oceanic crust is 3g/cm³.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Continental crust:</span><br />When you look at the globe, you see that the surface of the earth consists of a lot of water (71%). The other 29% consists of land. You can divide this land into six big pieces, which are called continents. The different continents - arranged in decreasing order of size - are: Eurasia (Europe and Asia together), Africa, North-America, South-America, Antarctica and Australia. In the past the division of the continents was different (see plate tectonic). The earth's crust is the thickest below the continents, with an average of about 20 to 25 miles (30 to 40 km) and with a maximum of 45 miles (70 km). The continental crust is older than the oceanic crust, some rocks are 3.8 billion years old. The continental crust mainly consists of igneous rocks and is divided into two layers. The upper part mainly consists of granite rocks, while the lower part consists of basalt and diorite. Granite is lightly-colored, coarse-grain, magma. Diorite has the same composition, but it's scarcer than granite and is probably formed by impurities in the granite-magma. The average density of the continental crust is 2.7g/cm³.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixtQ2AnXgNON0iLUjPNPUjAfUNg-x1Kz9KfLxn4Es9XldS2CAziNGIu7iSUHIn4Gqa5E5EEuFUZ_6ZmZt5uHqNTlhmIxWC5loirhFuhKawjQAfB21wbY9ioTcP1D7Qx2JgXmum57RJNSM/s1600/struct.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 311px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixtQ2AnXgNON0iLUjPNPUjAfUNg-x1Kz9KfLxn4Es9XldS2CAziNGIu7iSUHIn4Gqa5E5EEuFUZ_6ZmZt5uHqNTlhmIxWC5loirhFuhKawjQAfB21wbY9ioTcP1D7Qx2JgXmum57RJNSM/s320/struct.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502204801242191314" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: -webkit-xxx-large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Which influence does the crust have?</span><br />The crust itself has no influence on the earth, but the constant moving of the crust does. This moving is caused by the influence of theconvection current, or to be more precise, this convection current actually causes the earth plates to move and sometimes touch each other. These movements cause earthquakes and at weak parts of the earth's crust volcanoes can erupt. Because of all these ongoing movements in the last millions of years, mountains and valleys have been formed, and that’s why the surface of the earth looks as it is now. The form of the surface of the earth has its daily influence on the way people live and work. An example: the building of houses. When you build a house in the mountains, you build it in an other way than on flat land. In the mountains the bottom is more solid than on flat land.<br />Volcanoes and earthquakes also have their direct influence on the people who live near places where they occur. It destroys their houses and many times people are killed or wounded.Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-64737848808356121912010-05-31T03:36:00.000-07:002010-05-31T03:36:36.294-07:00G0ing to KL (pre_u)<object style="background-image:url(http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/mrx3z1wnrps/hqdefault.jpg)" width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/mrx3z1wnrps&hl=en_US&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/mrx3z1wnrps&hl=en_US&fs=1" width="425" height="344" allowscriptaccess="never" allowfullscreen="true" wmode="transparent" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object>Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-37775699349615979862010-05-29T11:10:00.000-07:002010-05-29T11:10:43.033-07:00Pre-U Orientation<object style="background-image:url(http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/RA1sjnvLSRs/hqdefault.jpg)" width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/RA1sjnvLSRs&hl=en_US&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/RA1sjnvLSRs&hl=en_US&fs=1" width="425" height="344" allowscriptaccess="never" allowfullscreen="true" wmode="transparent" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object>Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-29697279787805508312010-04-10T20:58:00.000-07:002010-04-10T21:25:10.636-07:00RAIN BY DESIGN (Islamic view)<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXEkDAU7-HkpyAo3CioquR0-koPDmdwaw_SkeiYwwvp0uK2LU2ICCUkGqW-acckvJeRU47Z3MewHAUgy3NmgXrhA79IsmyaclC0lMN6WOtGxgMyUdWb8outvQlcUSSnOS6TO_BB8w6bnY/s1600/Rain.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXEkDAU7-HkpyAo3CioquR0-koPDmdwaw_SkeiYwwvp0uK2LU2ICCUkGqW-acckvJeRU47Z3MewHAUgy3NmgXrhA79IsmyaclC0lMN6WOtGxgMyUdWb8outvQlcUSSnOS6TO_BB8w6bnY/s320/Rain.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5458725100725463490" /></a><br /><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Rain is indeed one of the most important factors for the permanence of life on earth. It is a prerequisite for the continuation of activity in a region. Rain, which carries great importance for all living things, including human beings, is mentioned in various verses of the Qur'an, where substantial information is given about the formation of rain, its proportion and effects. This information, which never could have been known by the people of the time, shows us that the Qur'an is the word of God.</div><div><br />Now, let us examine the information given in the Qur'an about rain.<br /><br />The Proportion of Rain<br /><br />In the eleventh verse of Surat az-Zukhruf, rain is defined as water sent down in "due measure". The verse is as follows:<br /><br />He sends down (from time to time) water from the sky in due measure, and We raise to life therewith a land that is dead. Even so will you be raised (from the dead). (Surat az-Zukhruf, 11)<br /><br />This "measure" mentioned in the verse has to do with a couple of characteristics of rain. First of all, the amount of rain that falls on the earth is always the same. It is estimated, that in one second, 16 million tones of water evaporate from the earth. This number is equal to the amount of water that drops on the earth in one second. This means that water continuously circulates in a balanced cycle according to a "measure".<br /><br />Another measure related with rain is about its falling speed. The minimum altitude of rain clouds is 1,200 meters. When dropped from this height, an object having the same weight and size as a rain drop, would continuously accelerate and fall on the ground with a speed of 558 km/h. Certainly, any object that hits the ground with that speed would cause great damage. If rain happened to fall in the same way, all harvested lands would be destroyed, residential areas, houses, and cars would be damaged, and people would not be able to walk around without taking extra precautions. What is more, these calculations are made just for clouds at a height of 1,200 meters; there are also rain clouds at altitudes of 10,000 meters. A rain drop falling from such a height could normally reach a very destructive speed.<br /><br />But this is not how it works; no matter from what height they fall, the average speed of rain drops is only 8-10 km/h when they reach the ground. The reason for this is the special form they take. This special form increases the friction effect of the atmosphere and prevents acceleration when the rain drops reach a certain speed "limit". (Today parachutes are designed by using this technique.)<br /><br />This is not all about the "measures" of rain. For instance, in the atmospheric layers where it starts to rain, the temperature may fall as low as 400 C below zero. Despite this, rain drops never turn into ice particles. (This would certainly mean a fatal threat to the living things on the earth.) The reason is that the water in the atmosphere is pure water. As is well-known, pure water hardly freezes even at very low temperatures.<br /><br />The Formation of Rain<br /><br />How rain forms remained a great mystery for people for a long time. Only after weather radar was invented, was it possible to discover the stages by which rain is formed.<br /><br />The formation of rain takes place in three stages. First, the "raw material" of rain rises up into the air. Later clouds are formed. Finally, rain drops appear.<br /><br />These stages are clearly defined in the Qur'an centuries ago where precise information is given about the formation of rain:<br /><br />It is God Who sends the Winds, and they raise the Clouds: then does He spread them in the sky as He wills, and break them into fragments, until you see rain-drops issue from the midst thereof: then when He has made them reach such of his servants as He wills, behold, they do rejoice! (Surat ar-Room, 48)<br /><br />Now, let us look at the three stages mentioned in the verse;<br /><br />1ST STAGE: "It is God Who sends the winds..."<br />Countless air bubbles formed by the foaming in the oceans continuously burst and cause water particles to be ejected towards the sky. These particles, which are rich in salt, are then carried away by winds and move upwards in the atmosphere. These particles, which are called aerosols, form clouds by collecting around themselves the water vapor, which again ascends from the seas, as tiny drops by a mechanism called "water trap"<br /><br />2ND STAGE: " ...and they raise the Clouds: then does He spread them in the sky as He wills, and break them into fragments..."<br />The clouds form from the water vapor that condenses around the salt crystals or the dust particles in the air. Because the water drops in these are very small (with a diameter between 0.01 and 0.02 mm), the clouds are suspended in the air and they spread in the sky. Thus the sky is covered with clouds.<br /><br />3RD STAGE: "...until you see rain-drops issue from the midst thereof."<br />Water particles that surround salt crystals and dust particles thicken and form rain drops. So, the drops, which become heavier than air, depart from the clouds, and start to fall on the ground as rain.<br /><br />Every stage in the formation of rain is told in the verses of the Qur'an. Furthermore, these stages are explained in the right sequence. Just as with many other natural phenomena in the world, it is again the Qur'an that provides the most correct explanation about this phenomenon as well, and more, that has announced these facts to people centuries before they were discovered by science<br /><br />Life Given to a Dead Land<br /><br />In the Qur'an, many verses call our attention to a particular function of rain, which is "giving life to a dead land":<br /><br />We send down pure water from the sky. That with it We may give life to a dead land, and slake the thirst of many beings We have created, beasts as well as humans. (Surat al-Furqan, 48- 49)<br /><br />In addition to furnishing the earth with water, which is an inevitable need of living beings, rain also has a fertilization effect.<br /><br />Rain drops that reach the clouds after being evaporated from the seas, contain certain substances "that will give life" to a dead land. These "life-giving" drops are called "surface tension drops". Surface tension drops form on the top level of the sea surface which is called the "micro layer" by biologists. In this layer, which is thinner than one tenth of a millimeter, there are many organic leftovers caused by the pollution of microscopic algae and zooplankton. Some of these leftovers select and collect within themselves some elements which are very rare in sea water, such as phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and some heavy metals like copper, zinc, cobalt and lead. These "fertilizer"-laden drops are lifted up into the sky by the winds and after a while they drop on the ground inside the rain drops. Seeds and plants on the earth find numerous metallic salts and elements essential for their growth here in these rain drops. This event is revealed in another verse of the Qur'an:<br /><br />And We send down from the sky rain laden with blessing, and We produce therewith gardens and grain for harvests. (Surah Qaf, 9)<br /><br />Salts that fall with rain are small examples of certain elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, etc.) used for increasing fertility. The heavy metals found in these types of aerosols are other elements that increase fertility in the development and production of plants.<br /><br />A barren land can be furnished with all the essential elements for plants in a 100-year period just with these fertilizers dropped with the rain.<br />Forests also develop and are fed with the help of these sea-based aerosols. In this way, 150 million tons of fertilizer falls on the total land surface every year. If there were no natural fertilization like this, there would be very little vegetation on the earth, and the ecological balance would be impaired.<br /><br />What is more interesting is that this truth, which could only be discovered by modern science, was revealed by God in the Qur'an centuries ago.<br /></div>Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-64809254852061786012010-02-23T02:00:00.001-08:002010-02-23T02:10:58.187-08:00MUET-Speaking<a href="<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/JuHjBS8v1xY&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/JuHjBS8v1xY&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>"></a>
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<br /><a href="<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Y-0Kb56GW0g&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Y-0Kb56GW0g&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>"></a>
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<br /><a href="<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Vz00SEY10pI&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Vz00SEY10pI&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>"></a>Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-8336498479034047392010-02-15T18:34:00.000-08:002010-02-15T18:36:57.082-08:00Contoh Kertas PenyelidikanKEKONGRUENAN PERSONALITI-PERSEKITARAN KURSUS DAN<br />HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PENCAPAIAN AKADEMIK<br />DI KALANGAN PELAJAR UTM<br /><br />Mastura binti Mahfar, Ishak bin Mad Shah, Hamdan bin Abdul Kadir<br />Jabatan Pembangunan Sumber Manusia,<br />Fakulti Pengurusan & Pembangunan Sumber Manusia<br />Universiti Teknologi Malaysia<br />81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.<br /><br /><br />ABSTRAK<br /><br />Kajian ini telah dilaksanakan ke atas pelajar tahun satu kursus SHR atau Sarjana Muda Sains<br />(Pembangunan Sumber Manusia), Fakulti Pengurusan dan Pembangunan Sumber Manusia,<br />semester dua, sesi 2006/2007, UTM Skudai. Seramai 90 orang pelajar telah dipilih secara<br />rawak sebagai sampel kajian. Antara objektif kajian ini adalah 1) mengenalpasti pola<br />personaliti-persekitaran kursus dan tahap darjah kongruen di kalangan pelajar 2)<br />mengenalpasti sama ada terdapat hubungan antara pencapaian akademik dengan darjah<br />kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan pelajar. Alat kajian Self-Directed Search<br />(SDS)-Form Easy (Versi terjemahan Amla, 1984) telah digunakan bagi mengenalpasti pola<br />personaliti-persekitaran pelajar. Manakala, tahap darjah kongruen personaliti-persekitaran<br />kursus telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan Indeks Kongruen Iachan. Kaedah analisis<br />deskriptif yang telah digunakan ialah kekerapan, peratusan dan min skor. Kolerasi Pearson ‘r’<br />digunakan dalam analisis inferensi bagi menjawab hipotesis kajian. Dapatan kajian<br />menunjukkan bahawa 1) kod tiga huruf pelajar bagi kursus SHR ialah SEA dan mempunyai<br />tahap darjah kongruen iaitu padanan yang baik dengan kod tiga huruf Holland 2) Tidak<br />terdapat perhubungan signifikan antara pencapaian akademik dengan darjah kongruen<br />personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan pelajar SHR. Secara keseluruhannya, walaupun<br />tidak terdapat perhubungan antara pencapaian akademik dengan darjah kongruen<br />personaliti-persekitaran kursus pelajar, namun dapatan kajian ini boleh membantu dalam<br />mengenalpasti kekongruenan personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan pelajar.<br /><br />PENGENALAN<br /><br />Proses melahirkan warga pelajar yang bersedia menjadi tenaga kerja berkualiti dan<br />memenuhi keperluan semasa adalah merupakan agenda penting negara. Sehubungan itu,<br />kerajaan Malaysia melalui Dasar Pendidikan Negara telah menekankan matlamat bahawa<br />menjelang tahun 2020, sejumlah 60% kursus adalah dalam bidang sains dan teknologi dan<br />40% dalam bidang sastera dan kemanusiaan. Dasar ini selaras dengan wawasan negara<br />menuju ke arah negara industri penuh menjelang 2020. Justeru, kebanyakan pelajar yang<br />mengikuti kursus pengajian di universiti adalah terpilih berdasarkan kelayakan akademik<br />serta keperluan dasar negara setelah melalui beberapa proses pemilihan. Permasalahan<br />timbul apabila terdapat sesetengah pelajar yang mengikuti kursus pengajian di universiti yang<br />bukan merupakan pilihan dan minat utama mereka. Ada juga pelajar yang berjaya dalam<br />permohonan tetapi setelah melalui beberapa tempoh pengajian, didapati kursus pengajian<br />tersebut tidak selaras (kongruen) dengan minat dan personaliti mereka. Ketidakselarasan<br />yang wujud antara pola personaliti dengan kursus pengajian yang dipilih ini menyebabkan<br />sesetengah pelajar memohon pertukaran kursus semasa tempoh pengajian di universiti.<br />Sekiranya pelajar tidak mempunyai peluang untuk bertukar kursus, maka mereka terpaksa<br />meneruskan pengajian dalam kursus yang sama. Implikasinya, pelajar ini akan belajar dalam<br />keadaan tertekan dan kecewa. Walaupun mereka berjaya menamatkan pengajian, tetapi<br />kemungkinan pencapaian Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) mereka adalah tidak berapa<br />memuaskan.<br />Justeru, ketidakselarasan pemilihan kursus boleh menyebabkan seseorang pelajar tidak<br />mencapai kepuasan belajar secara menyeluruh, bermotivasi rendah, tidak dapat<br />menyesuaikan diri dengan persekitaran kursus yang dipilih serta berkemungkinan<br />memberikan impak negatif terhadap pencapaian akademik mereka. Selain itu, kekongruenan<br />Simposium Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran UTM 2007 (SPPUTM 07) | 2<br />Kecemerlangan Pendidikan Menerusi Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berkualiti<br />personaliti-persekitaran juga akan mempengaruhi kejayaan sesuatu kerjaya (Bretz & Judge,<br />1994). Oleh itu, sekiranya pelajar menamatkan pengajian dengan kursus yang tidak diminati,<br />kemungkinan mereka terpaksa menceburi bidang pekerjaan yang tidak disukai kelak. Senario<br />ini bukan sahaja boleh menjejaskan perkembangan kerjaya seseorang pelajar serta bilangan<br />tenaga sumber manusia dalam sesuatu pekerjaan, bahkan akan membazirkan kos dan<br />tenaga produktiviti bagi pembangunan negara.<br />Berasaskan Teori Tipologi Kerjaya Holland (1973,1985) menegaskan bahawa kekongruenan<br />personaliti dan persekitaran bukan sahaja akan membantu kepuasan bekerja, bahkan<br />membantu dalam peningkatan pencapaian akademik seseorang pelajar. Ini disokong dengan<br />kajian Bruch dan Krieshok (1981), Sabariah (1985) dan Allen (1996) yang menunjukkan<br />terdapatnya hubungan antara pencapaian akademik dengan darjah kongruen personalitipersekitaran<br />kursus di kalangan pelajar universiti. Oleh itu, pemilihan kursus yang<br />berdasarkan kekongruenan minat dan personaliti merupakan antara salah satu faktor utama<br />yang akan membantu meningkatkan pencapaian akademik dan kepuasan mereka dalam<br />sesuatu pemilihan kerjaya.<br />Gattiker & Larwood (1990) juga menyatakan bahawa personaliti dan persekitaran yang<br />kongruen akan mendorong seseorang pelajar belajar secara bersungguh-sungguh dan lebih<br />berkesan. Sekiranya keadaan seumpama ini wujud di kalangan pelajar, maka prestasi pelajar<br />akan semakin meningkat dan seterusnya membantu mereka dalam merancang pemilihan<br />kerjaya yang bersesuaian apabila menamatkan pengajian kelak (Sidek, 1996). Justeru, kajian<br />ini dilaksanakan bertujuan mengenalpasti sama ada wujudnya atau tidak perhubungan antara<br />pencapaian akademik dengan darjah kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan<br />pelajar SHR di samping mengenalpasti pola personaliti-persekitaran kursus dan tahap darjah<br />kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus pelajar berasaskan kod tiga huruf Holland.<br /><br />OBJEKTIF KAJIAN<br /><br />Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mencapai objektif seperti berikut iaitu:<br />i. Mengenalpasti pola personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan pelajar tahun satu<br />SHR.<br />ii. Mengenalpasti tahap darjah kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan<br />pelajar tahun satu SHR.<br />iii. Mengenalpasti sama ada terdapat hubungan antara pencapaian akademik dengan<br />darjah kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan pelajar tahun satu SHR.<br /><br />DEFINISI KONSEP DAN OPERASIONAL<br />Pola Personaliti – persekitaran<br /><br />Pola personaliti-persekitaran bermaksud keterangan tentang profil keserupaan terhadap jenis<br />personaliti-persekitaran (Holland, 1985). Dalam kajian ini, pola personaliti-persekitaran<br />merujuk kepada kod tiga huruf Holland yang mewakili tiga jenis personaliti utama. Huruf<br />pertama mewakili jenis personaliti yang paling dominan. Huruf kedua dan ketiga pula<br />menerangkan tentang jenis personaliti kedua dan ketiga penting. Contohnya, seseorang<br />pelajar mungkin mempunyai pola personaliti-persekitaran SAE, ASE atau lain-lain gabungan<br />daripada enam jenis personaliti yang ada dalam RIASEC.<br />Darjah Kongruen<br />Dalam konteks kajian ini, darjah kongruen dirujuk sebagai keselarasan antara ciri-ciri tret<br />yang dimiliki oleh seseorang individu dan kehendak persekitaran yang diduduki. Holland<br />(1973) telah menyatakan bahawa jenis personaliti yang berbeza memerlukan jenis<br />persekitaran yang berbeza. Indeks Kongruen Iachan (1984) digunakan bagi mengukur darjah<br />kongruen dengan membandingkan keselarasan antara kod tiga huruf yang diperolehi oleh<br />3 | Simposium Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran UTM 2007 (SPPUTM 07)<br />Kecemerlangan Pendidikan Menerusi Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berkualiti<br />pengkaji dengan kod tiga huruf Holland yang telah ditetapkan dalam The Occupations Finder<br />(Holland, 1989).<br /><br />METODOLOGI KAJIAN<br /><br />Kajian tinjauan secara deskriptif ini telah digunakan untuk melihat beberapa aspek seperti<br />pola personaliti-persekitaran kursus dan tahap darjah kongruen di kalangan pelajar. Kajian ini<br />juga berbentuk kajian ex-post facto jenis kolerasi iaitu mengkaji pembolehubah atribut iaitu<br />pembolehubah yang telah berlaku atau sedia wujud dalam unit sosial sebelum bermula<br />sesuatu kajian (Tuckman, 1978). Pembolehubah ini sukar dikawal atau dimanipulasikan.<br />Dalam kajian ini, pembolehubah atribut ialah darjah kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus<br />yang turut dikenali sebagai pembolehubah tidak bersandar. Manakala, pembolehubah<br />bersandar ialah pencapaian akademik. Alat kajian yang digunakan ialah soal selidik Self<br />Directed Search (SDS)-Form Easy yang telah diubahsuai oleh Amla (1984) di mana nilai<br />kebolehpercayaannya adalah tinggi iaitu berada dalam julat 0.85 hingga 0.97. Alat kajian ini<br />bertujuan mengenalpasti minat kerjaya seseorang individu berdasarkan jenis personaliti dan<br />persekitaran mereka.<br /><br />DAPATAN DAN PERBINCANGAN KAJIAN<br /><br />Analisis deskriptif pola personaliti-persekitaran kursus pelajar<br /><br />Melalui analisis deskriptif, min pola personaliti-persekitaran kursus pelajar dan kod tiga huruf<br />pengkaji telah diperolehi berpandukan kepada tiga skor min yang tertinggi.<br /><br />Jenis pola personaliti-persekitaran kursus pelajar<br />Jadual 1: Min pola personaliti-persekitaran kursus pelajar<br /><br />Kursus Realistik<br />(R)<br />Investigative<br />(I)<br />Artistik<br />(A)<br />Sosial<br />(S)<br />Enterprising<br />(E)<br />Conventional<br />(C)<br /><br />Kod<br />Pengkaji<br />SHR 4.07 7.56 11.10 17.99 11.76 10.20 SEA<br />Jadual 1 menunjukkan tiga jenis personaliti yang memperolehi min skor tertinggi bagi pelajar<br />kursus SHR. Min skor tertinggi ialah Sosial (17.99), diikuti oleh Enterprising (11.76) dan<br />Artistik (11.10). Ini bermakna kod pengkaji yang diperolehi ialah SEA. Saranan Holland<br />(1985) bahawa individu akan mencari persekitaran yang membolehkan mereka menyalurkan<br />minat, kebolehan dan kemahiran selaras dengan personaliti adalah benar dan dipersetujui.<br />Jenis personaliti Sosial yang dominan memberikan gambaran bahawa pelajar SHR<br />mempunyai ciri-ciri bertanggungjawab, suka membantu, mengelakkan diri daripada<br />penyelesaian masalah intelek serta berminat dalam aktiviti berbentuk kebajikan. Selain itu,<br />ciri Sosial juga memainkan peranan penting dalam bidang kerjaya Pembangunan Sumber<br />Manusia (PSM) yang memerlukan mereka berinteraksi secara meluas dengan individu lain,<br />khususnya dalam merancang dan melaksanakan program pembangunan sumber manusia.<br />Manakala, ciri Enterprising seperti pandai memujuk, mementingkan status, berkemahiran<br />dalam bidang pemasaran atau penjualan, agresif dalam percakapan, bersosial dan bercirikan<br />kepimpinan juga adalah bersesuaian dengan personaliti pelajar dalam kursus SHR.<br />Jenis personaliti Artistik yang mempunyai min skor ketiga tertinggi pula menunjukkan bahawa<br />pelajar SHR mempunyai ciri peka kepada persekitaran, imaginatif dan sukakan kebebasan.<br />Selain itu, dapatan kajian ini juga telah menunjukkan bahawa pelajar SHR mempunyai min<br />skor paling rendah bagi Realistik (4.07). Ini kerana jenis personaliti Realistik adalah lebih<br />menjurus kepada kursus yang memerlukan kemahiran mekanikal, cenderung bekerja dengan<br />objek dan mesin serta kurang kebolehan berinteraksi. Manakala, jenis personaliti<br />Investigative yang mempunyai min skor kedua terendah (7.56) adalah lebih menjurus kepada<br />Simposium Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran UTM 2007 (SPPUTM 07) | 4<br />Kecemerlangan Pendidikan Menerusi Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berkualiti<br />pelajar yang meminati kursus berkaitan sains dan matematik yang memerlukan mereka<br />mempunyai ciri-ciri analitikal, intelektual serta kerja-kerja bercorak saintifik. Secara<br />kesimpulannya, ciri-ciri Sosial, Enterprising dan Artistik amat sesuai dan diperlukan oleh<br />pelajar SHR bagi menceburi bidang kerjaya kelak.<br /><br />Tahap darjah kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus<br />Jadual 2: Analisis tahap darjah kongruen responden mengikut kursus<br />Kod Pengkaji Kod Holland Darjah Kongruen Tahap<br /><br />SEA SEC 27 Padanan baik<br />Jadual 2 pula menunjukkan analisis tahap darjah kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus di<br />kalangan pelajar. Walaupun kedua-dua pola personaliti-persekitaran kursus antara kod<br />pengkaji (SEA) dan kod Holland (SEC) adalah berbeza, namun nilai darjah kongruen yang<br />telah diperolehi oleh pengkaji adalah sebanyak 27. Berdasarkan Indeks Kongruen Iachan,<br />skor ini dikategorikan sebagai padanan yang baik. Secara kesimpulannya, pemilihan dan<br />kemasukan pelajar tahun satu ke kursus SHR yang dilakukan oleh pihak universiti adalah<br />bersesuaian dengan jenis personaliti mereka. Ini bermakna terdapatnya kekongruenan dari<br />segi personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan pelajar SHR.<br /><br />ANALISIS INFERENSI<br />Hubungan antara pencapaian akademik dengan darjah kongruen personaliti –<br />persekitaran kursus di kalangan pelajar SHR<br /><br />Ho 1: Tidak terdapat perhubungan signifikan antara pencapaian akademik dengan darjah<br />kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan pelajar SHR.<br /><br />Jadual 3: Analisis hubungan antara pencapaian akademik dengaan kongruen personalitipersekitaran<br />kursus pelajar SHR<br /><br />Hubungan Pembolehubah r p<br /><br />Pencapaian akademik dengan darjah keselarasan personaliti-persekitaran 0.01 0.92<br />Signifikan pada aras p<0.05<br />Jadual 3 menunjukkan bahawa nilai pekali kolerasi, r bagi kedua-dua pembolehubah adalah<br />0.01. Ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif yang sangat lemah antara kedua-dua<br />pembolehubah tersebut. Manakala, nilai signifikan, p yang diperolehi iaitu 0.92 adalah lebih<br />besar daripada aras signifikan yang telah ditetapkan iaitu 0.05. Oleh demikian, hipotesis nol<br />adalah gagal ditolak. Maka, dapatan kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat<br />perhubungan signifikan antara pencapaian akademik dengan darjah kongruen personalitipersekitaran<br />kursus di kalangan pelajar SHR.<br />Dapatan kajian ini menyokong kajian oleh Feldman et al.,(1999) yang mendapati bahawa<br />pelajar berpersonaliti Sosial yang memasuki bidang persekitaran yang kongruen tidak<br />semestinya menunjukkan peningkatan ketara dari segi kebolehan, minat dan pencapaian<br />akademik. Walaupun pelajar SHR mempunyai padanan yang baik dari segi darjah kongruen,<br />namun begitu tidak terdapat hubungan antara kekongruenan personaliti-persekitaran kursus<br />dengan pencapaian akademik di kalangan pelajar. Kemungkinan terdapat faktor-faktor lain<br />yang berhubung kait dengan peningkatan pencapaian akademik di kalangan pelajar. Hasil<br />kajian McKenzie dan Schweitzer (2001) telah menunjukkan bahawa orientasi kerjaya<br />bukanlah penentu utama kepada peningkatan akademik seseorang pelajar di universiti.<br />Sebaliknya, faktor-faktor lain seperti skor pencapaian akademik di sekolah untuk kemasukan<br />ke universiti, kepuasan terhadap universiti, komitmen serta kemahiran belajar adalah lebih<br />5 | Simposium Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran UTM 2007 (SPPUTM 07)<br />Kecemerlangan Pendidikan Menerusi Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berkualiti<br />berhubung kait dengan kejayaan akademik seseorang pelajar di universiti. Manakala, Awang<br />Had (1986) menyatakan bahawa sebahagian besar faktor yang memberikan pengaruh<br />kejayaan akademik adalah faktor yang melibatkan diri pelajar itu sendiri. Secara umumnya,<br />dapatan kajian ini membawa implikasi bahawa kekongruenan personaliti-persekitaran kursus<br />tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan pencapaian akademik di kalangan pelajar SHR.<br /><br />CADANGAN KAJIAN<br /><br />Walaupun hasil kajian ini tidak menunjukkan perkaitan antara pencapaian akademik dengan<br />darjah kongruen personaliti-persekitaran kursus di kalangan pelajar SHR, namun sumbangan<br />dan kepentingan implikasi kajian ini wajar diberikan tumpuan dan panduan oleh pihak<br />universiti dalam menekankan betapa mustahaknya pelajar memilih kursus yang bersesuaian<br />dengan minat dan personaliti pelajar. Justeru, satu kajian secara komprehensif perlu<br />dilaksanakan terhadap semua kursus yang ditawarkan di UTM bagi mengenalpasti<br />kekongruenan pola personaliti-persekitaran kursus tersebut. Selain itu, pihak universiti juga<br />hendaklah memberikan peluang dan ruang sebaik-baiknya kepada pelajar untuk memilih<br />kursus yang bukan sahaja bersandarkan kepada pencapaian akademik semata-mata, bahkan<br />turut mengambilkira kesesuaian dari segi minat dan personaliti pelajar. Pelajar yang<br />dikenalpasti tidak meminati langsung kursus yang diikuti sehingga menjejaskan pencapaian<br />akademik mereka perlulah diberikan peluang untuk bertukar ke kursus yang lain secara<br />fleksibel dalam awal tahun pengajian. Alat ukur Self Directed Search (SDS) boleh digunakan<br />bagi mengenalpasti minat kerjaya seseorang pelajar dan boleh dilaksanakan oleh Pusat<br />Kaunseling & Kerjaya, UTM yang mempunyai kaunselor yang berkelayakan dam<br />berkemahiran dalam pengendalian ujian psikologi.<br />Manakala di universiti, perancangan program perkembangan kerjaya secara lebih intensif<br />perlu dilakukan oleh pelbagai pihak termasuklah di peringkat fakulti dan kolej bagi<br />memberikan pelbagai informasi kerjaya yang boleh diceburi oleh pelajar selepas<br />menamatkan pengajian kelak. Sebaik-baiknya, pendedahan kerjaya tidak sahaja<br />memfokuskan kepada pelajar tahun akhir, tetapi didedahkan lebih awal kepada pelajar tahun<br />satu dan dua agar mereka memperolehi gambaran yang jelas tentang peluang-peluang<br />kerjaya masa hadapan. Secara tidak langsung, ianya akan dapat meningkatkan kesedaran,<br />minat dan motivasi pelajar yang tinggi dalam pencapaian akademik. Sidek (1998)<br />menegaskan bahawa individu yang mendapat maklumat mengenai diri yang jelas dan<br />menyeluruh akan menghasilkan arah dan matlamat kerjaya yang lebih jelas kelak. Justeru,<br />pelajar juga seharusnya mempunyai inisiatif dalam menerokai maklumat kerjaya secara<br />intensif sepanjang tempoh pengajian bagi meningkatkan minat terhadap kursus yang diikuti.<br /><br />KESIMPULAN<br /><br />Secara keseluruhannya, walaupun kursus yang dikaji didapati tidak menunjukkan<br />perhubungan antara pencapaian akademik dengan darjah kongruen personaliti-persekitaran<br />di kalangan pelajar, namun dapatan kajian ini berjaya menunjukkan bahawa minat kerjaya<br />atau personaliti seseorang itu boleh dikelaskan mengikut jenis personaliti yang dikemukakan<br />oleh Holland (1973) iaitu Realistik, Investigative, Artistik, Sosial, Enterprising dan<br />Conventional. Selain itu, Teori Tipologi Kerjaya Holland dan alat ukur SDS juga didapati amat<br />bersesuaian digunakan serta diaplikasikan dalam konteks budaya masyarakat di Malaysia<br />dalam aspek pemilihan dan pembangunan kerjaya pada masa kini.<br /><br />RUJUKAN<br /><br />Allen, B.P. (2002). Personality Theories : Development, Growth and Diversity. Boston : Allyn<br />and Bacon.<br />Amla Mohd. Salleh (1984). An investigation of the validity of Holland’s Self-Directed Search<br />for utilization by Malaysian Population. Jurnal PERKAMA. 3 & 4. 165-173.<br />Awang Had Salleh (1986). Ke arah pencapaian akademik yang cemerlang di kalangan pelajar<br />Bumiputera melalui kaunseling. Kertas Kerja Seminar Ke-2 Kaunseling. USM.<br />Simposium Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran UTM 2007 (SPPUTM 07) | 6<br />Kecemerlangan Pendidikan Menerusi Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran BerkualitiPra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-27508647747494337662010-02-15T18:25:00.000-08:002010-02-15T18:33:00.735-08:00Contoh Kertas PenyelidikanPemikiran Cinta Bermukun Dalam Gendang Melayu Sarawak <br /><br />oleh <br /><br />Mohd. Fauzi Abdullah, Abd. Hamid Mukri, Roselan Baki <br />Omar Mamat, Raja Ahmad Raja Musa, Ahmad Shahril Rajain <br />Institut Bahasa Melayu Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur <br /><br />ABSTRAK <br />Kajian ini membincangkan salah satu bentuk kesenian masyarakat Melayu Sarawak iaitu Gendang Melayu Sarawak. Aspek yang diteliti adalah gambaran isi dan falsafah pemikiran yang terkandung dalam mukun atau pantun berkenaan. Hasil penelitian terhadap bahan mendapati bahawa mukun atau pantun yand dicipta atau dilafazkan secara spontan dan bersahaja itu berguna sebagai sarana untuk menghibut, mendidik dan mengkritik peri laku ahli masyarakat. Sesuai dengan sifatnya sebagai hibutan santai, isi pemikiran pantun dalam gendang Sarawak didominasi oleh pantun-pantun cinta. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap bahan, hujahan dibuat untuk menggambarkan kepelbagaian isi pemikiran bermula dengan konsep cinta, kegigihan, rebutan, penghargaan kesetiaan, cumbuan, penduaan, pinggiran, perpisahan dan dendaman cinta. Hal ini memperjelas bahawa cinta insani ialah suatu bentuk perasaan yang kompleks serta mempunyai nilai dan tafsiran yang relatif-subjektif bergantung kepada persepsi terlibat. Selain itu, kupasa juga dilakukan terhadap pemikiran dan tanggapan cinta masyarakat melalui pantun mukum yang bertemakan seni, pertiwi dan Ilahi. <br /><br />1.0 Pengenalan <br />Bidang kebudayaan dan kesenian khususnya yang membabitkan bahasa, sastera dan budaya mengalami perubahan dari semasa ke semasa. Dengan rempuhan teknologi siber dalam abad ke 21 bahan berkenaan mengalami perubahan bentuk yang ketara. Paling membimbangkan bahan-bahan berkenaan semakin sukar malah ada yang telah pupus ditelan zaman. Tokoh aktivis budaya semakin hari semakin berkurangan dan kegiatan yang berunsur hiburan tradisi lisan semakin terhakis di kalangan generasi muda. Puisi-puisi tradisional yang mengiringi kebanyakan persembahan kesenian tradisional seperti gendang Sarawak, lagu-lagu rakyat, permainan, tarian, upacara keagamaan dan ritual adat istiadat semakin terpinggir daripada pengucapan masyarakat. Hal ini amat merugikan kerana melalui puisi tradisional kita dihadapkan dengan pelbagai gambaran pemikiran dan falsafah hidup yang menjadi sumber dokumen budaya masyarakat setempat. Usaha mendokumentasi, menganalisis dan menafsir puisi berkenaan wajar dilakukan bermula dari sekarang, agar pemikiran masyarakat Melayu setempat dapat dibongkar dengan bijaksana dan saksama. Sehubungan itu, pantun atau mukun yang mengiringi persembahan Gendang Melayu Sarawak dipilih untuk menjadi bahan kajian. <br /><br />1.2 Pernyataan Masalah <br />Kebanyakan khalayak berpendapat bahawa puisi, sementelahan lagi puisi tradisional termasuk pantun/ mukun sukar difahami atas sebab-sebab tertentu. Apakah sebab itu? Sejauh manakah kebenaran kenyataan ini ? Pembaca juga beranggapan bahawa diksi dan siratan makna katanya amat menyulitkan. Sejauh manakah tahap kesukaran bahasa pantun/ mukun tersebut?. <br />Genre puisi secara umum dikonsepsikan sebagai ‘the best word in their best order’. Sejauh manakah pantun/ mukun menepati konsep ini ? <br />Hasil kesusasteraan seperti pantun/ mukun adalah cerminan budaya masyarakat yang melahirkannya. Kebudayaan merujuk langsung kepada the way of life atau cara hidup dan pemikiran masyarakat. Penelitian terhadap pantun/ mukun membolehkan kita menyelami pemikiran dan falsafah hidup masyarakat. Apakah hal yang sering masyarakat fikirkan? Bagaimana persepsi masyarakat terhadap sesuatu hal yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan mereka? Bagaimana masyarakat menyelesaikan masalah yang mengganggu hidup mereka ? <br />Sesungguhnya puisi tradisional termasuk pantun/ mukun agak asing dan misteri bagi kehidupan masyarakat hari ini. Oleh itu satu kajian lapangan untuk menyelami kata dan makna puisi berkenaan wajar dilaksanakan demi membongkar falsafah pemikiran masyarakat di dalamnya. <br /><br />1.3 Tujuan Kajian <br />1. Memahami seni persembahan Gendang Melayu Sarawak serta mukun / pantun; <br />2. Mendokumentasikan seni persembahan Gendang Melayu Sarawak serta mukun/ pantunnya sebagai bahan yang berkaitan dengan bahasa, sastera dan budaya Melayu tradisional di negeri Sarawak; <br />3. Meneliti keindahan bentuk, struktur dan bahasa puisi mukun/ pantun yang terkandung dalam persembahan Gendang Melayu Sarawak; <br />4. Menjelaskan isi, jalur, sikap, sifat dan falsafah pemikiran masyarakat setempat melalui mukun/ pantun yang mengiringi persembahan Gendang Melayu Sarawak, dan; <br />5. Membolehkan hasil penyelidikan digunakan untuk rujukan ilmu bagi pelajar, pensyarah dan masyarakat umum. <br /><br />1.4 Soalan-soalan Kajian <br />1.4.1 Sejauh manakah benarnya keadaan ini jika dirujuk kepada pantun/ mukun yang mengiringi persembahan Gendang Melayu Sarawak? <br />1.4.2 Apakah aspek yang menimbulkan kesukarannya? Sejauh manakah tahap kesukaran bahasa puisi berkenaan? <br />1.4.3 Sejauh manakah keupayaan kreatif dan sentuhan imaginasi jiwa masyarakat pra-tulisan menzahirkan kata-kata yang dianggap puitis serta penuh falsafah pemikiran jika merujuk kepada mukun/ pantun yang mengiringi persembahan Gendang Melayu Sarawak? <br />1.4.4 Bagaimanakah bentuk jalur pemikiran cinta mengikut persepsi masyarakat setempat? Apakah warna dan rasa cinta mereka? Bagaimana pula kod etika dan taboo cinta mereka? Juga bagaimana kaedah menyelesaikan kemelut cinta mereka ? <br /><br /><br />1.5 Batasan Kajian <br />Bahan dibataskan kepada 110 rangkap mukun atau pantun lisan hasil rakaman audio-visual di lapangan terus dari mulut informan terlibat sewaktu acara bergendang sedang berlangsung. Juga mukun yang diucapkan semula secara bebas oleh Seh Gendang, orang dara dan penopeng; yakni mukun-mukun yang biasa dilagukan atau didengar mereka sewaktu persembahan bergendang. <br />Bahan yang dikaji juga hanya dibataskan kepada mukun atau pantun yang berhubungan dengan pemikiran cinta. <br />Bentuk mukun yang dikaji terhad kepada mukun 4 kerat atau 4 baris serangkap. <br />Bahan juga dibataskan kepada mukun yang didapati daripada 5 kumpulan gendang Sarawak yakni Kumpulan Gendang Melayu Sarawak Kg. Sija’e Sadong Jaya, Kumpulan Gendang Melayu Sarawak Kg. Lamanat Sri Aman, Kumpulan Gendang Melayu Asli Sarawak (GEMAS) Kuching, Kumpulan Gendang Melayu Sarawak Rumah Melayu Kampung Budaya dan kumpulan persembahan kesenian gendang Sarawak sempena Sambutan Ulangtahun Yang Dipertua Sarawak di Sri Aman. <br />Aspek pemikiran juga dibataskan hanya kepada penelitian terhadap gambaran pemikiran yang merangkumi tema, persoalan serta perasaan dalam mukun atau pantun. <br /><br />2.0 Metodologi Kajian <br />Prosedur pelaksanaan kajian meliputi reka bentuk dan kaedah kajian; rasional pemilihan pendekatan kajian kualitatif; penentuan dan pemilihan bahan serta informan; tempat dan tempoh kajian, dan prosedur pengumpulan dan penganalisisan data bagi menjawab soalan-soalan kajian. Pelaksanaan pendekatan kualitatif tidak menetapkan suatu prosedur standard yang dapat memenuhi jangkaan dan keperluan semua pihak kerana prosedurnya banyak bergantung kepada tujuan dan konteks kajian (Merriam : 1994). Untuk itu kajian ini meneliti interaksi bahan (puisi mukun/ pantun) melalui gabungan perspektif penyelidikan ethnometodologi dan etnografi. Perspektif ini meneliti struktur dan bentuk yang mendasari proses pelaksanaan interaksi bahan (mukun/ pantun) untuk “memahami budaya bahan dan persekitaran – dengan makna dan nilai masyarakat yang terlibat dan penelitian khusus yang teliti terhadap apa yang dikatakan oleh bahan dan bagaimana masyarakat menafsir makna” (MacLure 1994: 145).<br /> <br />2.1 Tempat Kajian <br />Kajian ini melibatkan tiga daerah utama di Sarawak iaitu Kuching (sekitar Kuching), Sadong Jaya (Kg. Sija’e) dan Sri Aman (Kg. Lamanat); RTM Sarawak, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Sarawak, Kampung Budaya Sarawak, Pejabat Kebudayaan Kesenian dan Pelancongan Sarawak dan Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, dan; di rumah informan di Jalan Kulas Utara, Kuching. <br /><br />2.2 Bahan dan Informan Kajian <br />2.2.1 Bahan Kajian <br />Bahan yang dipilih adalah puisi tradisional, iaitu pantun atau mukun yang dipersembahkan oleh informan dan kumpulan-kumpulan yang terlibat. Sejumlah 110 rangkap mukun/pantun telah dirakamkan untuk dianalisis. <br /><br />2.2.2. Informan Kajian <br />Seramai 11 orang informan khusus dipilih meliputi penggiat kesenian, mereka yang bergiat secara langsung dalam seni bergendang dan bermukun (seperti Seh Gendang dan penandak) serta pihak yang bertanggungjawab memulihara seni Gendang Melayu Sarawak. Mereka adalah En. Deo, Tn. Hj. Latif, En. Ahmad, Pn. Rainah, En. Dae, Pn. Domin, Pn. Oyah, En. Abdillah, Tn. Hj. Kamil, Cik Norlia dan Tn. Hj. Bujang. <br /><br />2.3 Tempoh Kajian <br />Kajian terbahagi kepada tiga fasa. Fasa 1 adalah tinjauan awal tentang lokasi, informan dan penyebaran bahan kajian pada bulan November 2000. Fasa II adalah sesi mereka bentuk, memantap dan memurnikan kertas cadangan berlangsung selama setahun, iaitu sepanjang tahun 2001. Fasa III adalah fasa pelaksanaan kajian yang dijalankan sepanjang tahun 2002. <br /><br />2.4 Kaedah Pengumpulan Data <br /><br />2.4.1 Pemerhatian <br />Pemerhatian awal dilakukan untuk tujuan tinjauan tentang konteks kajian seperti keadaan persekitaran masyarakat, lokasi, keadaan alatan bahan, peraturan atau ritual yang mungkin mengiringi pengucapan puisi berkenaan. Pemerhatian seterusnya adalah pemerhatian sebenar, berfokus kepada usaha untuk memperoleh data bagi menghuraikan persoalan kajian. <br /><br />2.4.2 Temu bual Mendalam <br />Temu bual dilakukan dalam dua peringkat iaitu temu bual awal, untuk meredakan keadaan dan menyesuaikan diri dengan persekitaran/ informan. Pada keadaan perlu, penyelidik menemu bual secara retrospektif bertujuan untuk melengkapi dan mengesahkan data pemerhatian melalui perspektif informan atau masyarakat sekitar tentang pelakuan dan pemikiran mereka terhadap bahan kajian. <br /><br />2.4.3 Rakaman Audio-Visual <br />Tradisi penggunaan rakaman audio visual sebagai alat kajian untuk mengumpulkan data tradisi lisan bagi kajian lapangan sudah lama menjadi amalan penyelidik kesusasteraan Melayu terutama sastera Melayu tradisional. <br /><br />2.5 Transkripsi teks <br />Semua teks tulisan tangan dan teks lisan audio-visual yang dipungut akan disimpan dan direkodkan mengikut garis panduan prosedur kajian tradisi lisan lapangan (Taib Osman,1976; Fennigen,1977; Zumthor, 1990). Untuk kerja menterjemah dan mentranskripsi teks dari bahasa natif ke bahasa Melayu penyelidik akan menggunakan khidmat beberapa orang pembantu penyelidik dan penterjemah yang pakar serta berpengetahuan dalam bahasa serta budaya masyarakat Melayu Sarawak. <br /><br />3.0 Kaedah Penganalisisan Data <br />Penganalisisan data melalui dua peringkat proses iaitu semasa dan selepas pengumpulan data. Kekerapan kemunculan kategori tertentu menjadi asas untuk membina rumusan kajian. <br /><br />4.0 Kesimpulan <br />Kesimpulan kajian ini menghujah dan membuktikan beberapa hal yang menarik mengenai pemikiran cinta bermukun dalam Gendang Melayu Sarawak. <br />1. Pantun atau mukun yang digubah menjadi beberapa irama lagu dalam seni Gendang Melayu Sarawak sebahagian besarnya berlegar pada pemikiran cinta, sama ada dalam maksud tersurat mahu pun tersirat. Hal ini terjadi kerana fungsi utama seni bergendang adalah untuk hiburan santai. Dengan itu pemikiran terhadap cinta, kasih dan sayang sememangnya berupaya mengendurkan tegangan jiwa dan menghibur hati. <br />2. Pantun-pantun yang berlandaskan pemikiran cinta, walaupun digambarkan agak sederhana, ringan dan menghiburkan, namun isinya berupaya mendukung nilai, falsafah, peradaban dan etika masyarakat yang melahir dan mewarisinya. Analisis bahan secara tersirat membuktikan betapa pesta metafora, kias dan ibarat alam yang menghadiahkan nuansa yang tepat dan indah bagi menggambarkan pemikiran masyarakat. <br />3. Walaupun pantun yang dikutip berbentuk asli lisan, dikutip daripada lapangan dan langsung dari mulut informan, namun ciri keindahan puisinya jelas terbayang pada diksi, irama dan isi pemikirannya; meletakkan pantun-pantun cinta sebagai contoh bahan terbaik dalam rangka puitika sastera khasnya ke arah pembentukan teori estetika kesusasteraan Melayu. <br />4. Dalam menanggapi konsep cinta dalam mukun, isi pemikirannya tidak hanya berkait dengan hubungan perasaan antara insani terutama mainan rasa teruna - dara atau lelaki perempuan. Tapi konsep cinta boleh diperluas merangkumi hubungan antara manusia-kebudayaan, manusia - kenegaraan, manusia - keagamaan/ ke Tuhanan. Dengan ini khalayak akan dapat memahami serta menggambarkan betapa mendalam dan luasnya ruang dan latar perasaan cinta yang dianugerahi Allah kepada manusia. <br />5. Perasaan cinta adalah fatamorgana. Hal ini berkait dengan hati, akal, fikir dan rasa. Seringkali seseorang tidak dapat menggambarkan bahkan memberikan erti pada makna cinta itu baik dengan lukisan atau susunan kata. Kerana itulah ditemui pelbagai ragam metafora, kias dan ibarat dalam rangkap pantun cinta hanya untuk menggambarkan pemikiran cinta manusia. Metafora itu diangkat daripada alam sama ada alam buana atau alam dirgantara. Tidak semestinya yang indah dan manis, malah kerap kedapatan yang kelam, buruk dan busuk yang memberikan nilai estetik terhadap rasa cinta serta pantun itu sendiri. <br />6. Wajar dicatatkan bahawa pemikiran cinta dalam pantun/ mukun ini, umumnya merupakan gambaran world view (weltanshaung) masyarakat. Mukun mengutarakan falsafah tersirat yang menjalinkan perkaitan rapat rasa cinta antara manusia - alam - Tuhan. Manusia adalah sebahagian daripada alam. Kenyataan ini bukan hanya berita Allah, malah mitos budaya dalam seluruh kelompok peradaban manusia memperakuinya. <br /><br />5.0 Cadangan <br />Kajian ini menggabungkan dua bahan. Gendang Melayu Sarawak adalah bahan seni muzik- budaya sementara pantun/ mukun merupakan bahan sastera-bahasa. Bahan ini difikirkan wajar dan sesuai menjadi bahan pendedahan mahupun pengajaran di bilik darjah atau kegiatan kokurikulum sama ada di sekolah mahupun di institusi pengajian tinggi malah di premis-premis kebudayaan. Beberapa cadangan disarankan untuk pengembangan dan pemuliharaan serta kewajaran penggunaannya terutama dalam konteks pengajaran-pembelajaran. <br />1. Seni Gendang Melayu Sarawak wajar dijadikan komponen aktiviti kokurikulum di sekolah atau institusi pengajian tinggi seperti maktab perguruan. Hal ini demikian, kerana seni tersebut menggabungkan dua kemahiran iaitu kemahiran muzik (memukul gendang dan menyanyi) dan kemahiran sastera-bahasa (mencipta dan melafaz pantun secara spontan). Seni tersebut merupakan medan sesuai untuk melatih pelajar mencipta dan melafazkan pantun dengan yakin, bersahaja dan spontan. <br />2. Dokumentasi bahan wajar dilakukan. Dokumentasi boleh dilakukan dalam bentuk audio-visual dan catatan bertulis. Ini kerana kebanyakan seniman rakyat yang mewarisinya sudah lanjut usia. Andai tiada sebarang usaha dilakukan, bahan ini dikhuatiri pupus dan masyarakat Melayu akan kehilangan satu lagi khazanah seni yang menghiburkan. <br />3. Pemuliharaan dan pengembangan juga perlu dibuat. Hal ini boleh dilakukan dengan mewujudkan kelab di peringkat sekolah, memberikan latihan dengan bimbingan pakar yang masih ada serta mengadakan pertandingan peringkat sekolah, daerah mahupun negeri. Dengan ini diharapkan khalayak yang menganggotai, mengenali dan meminati seni persembahan ini akan bertambah dan pelbagai. <br />4. Pendedahan seni persembahan ini kepada pelajar difikirkan dapat memberikan manfaat pembelajaran sastera-bahasa kepada mereka. Latihan bermukun/ berpantun yang mengiringi irama Gendang Melayu Sarawak memberikan ruang dan keyakinan diri kepada pelajar untuk memahirkan mereka mencipta dan melafazkan pantun dengan cekap dan cepat. Dengan iringan muzik, aktiviti ini tentunya lebih menarik, mencabar dan tidak membosankan. Suasana pengajaran-pembelajaran sastera-bahasa akan lebih ceria dan bermakna. <br />5. Kebanyakan pantun cinta yang direkodkan dalam kajian ini menepati ciri keindahan dan estetika pantun yang baik. Pemilihan kata dan citra sama ada di bahagian pembayang mahupun maksud begitu memikat. Malah pada pantun-pantun tertentu imegerinya membayangkan koda budaya dan unsur pewarnaan setempat yang boleh membantu pelajar mengenali budaya masyarakat Malaysia yang pelbagai. Oleh itu, latihan bermukun berupaya memaksimumkan kemahiran berfikir pelajar kerana pelajar akan berusaha mencipta pantun yang baik dan indah dari segi kata-kata dan isi pemikirannya. Di samping itu latihan ini melatih pelajar menjadi lebih kreatif dan kritis. <br />6. Pemikiran pantun seharusnya melambangkan budi dan peradaban masyarakat yang halus. Pantun-pantun cinta yang dianalisis dipenuhi dengan nilai-nilai murni peradaban bangsa Melayu yang menjadi teras kebudayaan Malaysia. Dengan meneliti pantun cinta dalam bermukun semua nilai murni yang digariskan dalam kurikulum pendidikan seperti kasih sayang, gigih, baik hati, rela berkorban, rasional dan lain-lain wujud sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung. Hal ini adalah selaras dengan aspirasi pendidikan negara. Dengan ini pelajar diharapkan berupaya memahami dan menghayati dasar dan falsafah pendidikan kebangsaan dengan lebih mudah dan bermakna. <br />7. Sungguhpun pemikirannya berkisar pada cinta, namun pantun-pantun yang dirakam dan dianalisis dalam kajian ini tidak menggambarkan cinta erotis yang menjadi taboo dalam etika moral Melayu. Isi pemikiran cinta yang terkandung dalam bahan kajian ini difikirkan wajar digunakan terutamanya oleh pelajar menengah atas dan institusi pengajian tinggi seperti maktab perguruan. Secara psikologi di peringkat umur remaja seperti itu sama ada sedar atau tidak pelajar ini sangat terdedah dengan kemelut cinta remaja. Ramai yang akhirnya kecundang dalam pelajaran malah kehidupan akibat tiada bimbingan untuk mewaraskan dan mewajarkan saluran perasaan cinta berkenaan. Dengan bimbingan guru, bahan kajian ini dirasakan boleh memberikan manfaat untuk guru-guru membimbing mereka melahirkan perasaan cinta secara sihat. Banyak nasihat dan pedoman berguna sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung tersirat di sebalik pemikiran pantun cinta ini. <br />Pengkaji mengharapkan khalayak dapat menerima cinta dengan konsep yang terbuka. Cinta yang indah dan mulus harus digandingkan dengan pemikiran yang objektif tanpa prasangka buruk. Manusia dicipta seindah kejadian. Dan yang mengindahkan kejadian manusia adalah rasa cinta itu sendiri. Rimba misteri cinta yang kompleks itu harus ditangani sewajarnya bagi menjamin kelangsungan tamadun insan yang bermaruah. <br /><br />Bibliografi<br />Abdul Halim Othman, 1993. Psikologi Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Pustaka. <br />Abdul Rahman Abdul Aziz, 2002. Pemikiran Etika Hamka. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publication & Distributors. <br />Abdul Rahman Hj. Abdullah, 1995. Falsafah Alam Semesta Dalam Sejarah Tauhid Melayu. 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Kuala Lumpur : Yayasan Karyawan. <br />Hassan Ahmad, 2002. Imbasan. Edisi Kedua. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Hassan Ahmad, 2002. “Memperkasakan Tamadun Melayu”. Persidangan Teori dan Pemikiran Melayu Serantau. Tanjung Balai : Karimun, 12-14 Disember. <br />Ismail Hussein, 1993. Antara Dunia Melayu Dengan Dunia Kebangsaan. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. <br />Jeniri Amir, 2002. “ Pantun Melayu Sarawak: Komunikasi Melalui Implikatur”. Seminar Antarabangsa Pantun. Kuala Lumpur: Hotel Istana, 1-3 Julai. <br />Kamaruzzaman A. Kadir, 1989. Bunga Gerimis. Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Bakti. <br />Kamil Abdul Rahman, Hj., & Kumpulan Gendang Melayu Asli Sarawak (GEMAS) Kuching Sarawak, 2000. Temu bual di lapangan. 17 November. <br />Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 2000. Hati Terkenang Mulut Menyebut. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 2000. Antologi Kerusi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 2000. Anak Laut. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 2000. Seuntai Kata Untuk Dirasa. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 2000. Sehijau Warna Daun. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 2001. Anak Bumi Tercinta. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Khadijah Hashim, 1999. 1001 Pantun Baru. Shah Alam : K Publishing. <br />Latif Abdullah, Hj., & Kumpulan Gendang Melayu Sarawak Kg. Lamanat Sri Aman Sarawak, 2002. Temu bual di lapangan. 13 September. <br />MacLure, M., 1994. “ Talking in Class : Four Rationales for the Rise of Oracy” dlm. Steirer, B. & Maybin, J. (pnyt.) Language, Literacy and Learning in Educational Practice, hlm. 139 - 156. Cleredon: Multilingual Matters. <br />Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia, 2000. Warna Sari Sastera Melayu Tradisional. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka & Penerbit Fajar Bakti. <br />Merriam, S., 1994. Qualitative Research Design. London: University Press. <br />Mohd. Fauzi Abdullah,1998. “Pantun: Satu Analisis Semiotik” dlm. Dewan Sastera. Feb. hal. 23-28. <br />Mohd. Fauzi Abdullah, 1998. “Etika Pemikiran Masyarakat Melayu Tradisional dalam Lagu Rakyat Pahang” dlm. Dewan Sastera. Mei, hal. 42-48. <br />Mohd. Taib Osman, 1976. Panduan Pengumpulan Tradisi Lisan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur : Malindo. <br />Mohd. Yusof Md. Noor & Abd. Rahman Kaeh (ed.), 1985. Puisi Melayu Tradisi. Petaling Jaya : Penerbit Fajar Bakti. <br />Muhammad Hj. Salleh, 1986. Cermin Diri. Petaling Jaya: Fajar Bakti. <br />Muhammad Hj. Salleh, 1988. Pengalaman Puisi. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Muhammad Hj. Salleh, 1992. Puitika Sastera Melayu Suatu Pertimbangan. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. <br />Muhammad Hj. Salleh, 1997. “Perayaan Metafora Kias dan Ibarat di Pentas Pantun” dlm. Malaysian Writer Awardee of The S.E.A. Write Awards Muhammad Hj. Salleh. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Muhammad Hj. Salleh, 1999. “ Estetika Pantun Melayu “ dlm. Menyeberang Sejarah: Kumpulan Esei Pilihan Sasterawan Negara. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Hal. 165 -191. <br />Muhammad Hj. Salleh, 2000. Puitika Sastera Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Muhammad Hj. Salleh, 2002. “Ghairah Dunia Dalam Empat Baris; Pantun Sebagai Bentuk Bersama”. Ucap Utama Seminar Antarabangsa Pantun. Kuala Lumpur: Hotel Istana, 1-3 Julai. <br />Norlia Ahmad, 2002. Temu bual di lapangan. 12 September. <br />Rahman Shaari, 1991. Lukisan Zaman. Shah Alam: Marwilis Publisher. <br />Rahman Shaari & Siti Zainon Ismail (ed.), 1995. Langit di Tangan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Rainah Kawi, 2002. Temu bual di lapangan. 11 September. <br />Affendi Haji Khalik, 2000. “ Bergendang Sarawak” dlm. Dewan Budaya, Jun: hal. 36-37. <br />Safian Hussain et al., 1988. Glosari Istilah Kesusasteraan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 1933. An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Terjemahan. Baharuddin Ahmad, 1992. Pengenalan Doktrin Kosmologi Islam. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Siti Hawa Haji Salleh, 1997. Kesusasteraan Melayu Abad Kesembilan Belas. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Sohaimi Abdul Aziz, 1997. Rasa Fenomenologi; Penerapan Terhadap Karya A. Samad Said. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Syed Arabi Idid, 1998. Kaedah Penyelidikan Komunikasi dan Sains Sosial. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Syeikh Othman Sheikh Salim et al., 1997. Kamus Dewan Edisi Ketiga. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Tuah Matnor (ed.), 2002. Gendang Melayu Sarawak. Kuching: Pejabat Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negeri Sarawak. <br />Wilkinson, R.J., & Winstedt, R.O., 1961. Pantun Melayu. Singapura. Malaya Publishing House. <br />Za’ba, 1962. Ilmu Mengarang Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Dicetak semula dengan edisi ejaan rumi baharu dengan pengenalan oleh Asmah Hj. Omar, 2002. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Zainal Abidin Bakar (ed.), 1984. Kumpulan Pantun Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. <br />Zakaria Awang Soh, 1994. Kecanggihan Alam Semesta: Antara Wahyu Dengan Pengetahuan Sains. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. <br />Zumthor, Paul., 1990. Oral Poetry - an Introduction. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-36285391793897555922010-02-13T00:17:00.000-08:002010-02-13T00:25:57.009-08:00SEHARI DI USMSehari di USM<br />Mencari benih harapan<br />Bakal kutaburkan di medan perjuangan<br />Berbekal seteguk iman<br />Yang bisa goyah dalam pergelutan hidup<br /><br />Hari ini aku mengharungi liku getir<br />Dalam kepayahan menimba secebis ilmu<br />Bekalan hati yang kegersangan<br />Kuteruskan jua meski rintangan berhadapan<br />kerana aku ditentukan oleh-NYA<br /><br />Hari ini aku kembali<br />Membawa segulung kemenangan<br />Bakal kutebarkan di medan perhintungan<br />Berbekal setulus impian<br />Yang bisa menjadi kenyataan..Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-14169267557512278182010-02-03T01:12:00.000-08:002010-02-03T01:16:49.533-08:00WRITING THE RESEARCH PAPERIn between the choosing of a topic and the final typing of the last revision lie a series of skills which, if learned thoroughly, might well be the most important and most permanent academic possession acquired in four years of college. Specifically, you need to learn how to: delve deeply into a topic; find and select raw data; reflect, speculate, and mediate upon implications and relationships; glimpse and follow insights; establish logical categories; organize an outline; think and write with clarity and precision; and revise.<br /><br /> Make the writing of every paper an exercise to develop these skills.<br /><br />Steps In Writing The Research Paper<br /><br />1. Choose your subject <br />2. Narrow your subject<br />3. Provide a focus for narrowing material <br />4. Find references and select bibliography<br />5. Gather notes<br />6. Categorize notes<br />7. Decide upon an approach and point of view to gain control over your material<br />8. Draw up a detailed outline<br />9. Write a detailed outline<br />10. Make a clear copy<br />11. Leave for a day<br />12. Edit your work-go over you paper four times<br /> a. First, reposition paragraphs and sentences<br />b. Second, add and delete material to achieve balance and to advance the stated objective of your paper<br />c. Third, look to insert transitional words and phrases<br />d. Fourth, read the paper aloud<br />13. Make a copy<br />14. Know rules for using quotations<br />15. Know rules for using footnotes<br />16. Know how to make a bibliography<br /><br />Choosing Your Subject<br /><br />Choose a subject which interests you. The outstanding American expert on Tibet spends half of her time in Washington as advisor to governmental agencies, yet she has never traveled beyond the boundaries of the United States. when asked how she became so well versed on Tibet, she answered, "I'm simply fascinated by the subject, and have read everything I could get my hands on."<br /><br />A research paper, then, is an opportunity to further your interest in some subject or area.<br /><br />Narrowing Your Subject<br /><br />The most common criticism of research papers is , "topic too broad." You may well wonder, "Well, how can I be sure that I have sufficiently narrowed my topic?" A Cornell English professor has this sure-fire method: put your subject through three significant narrowings, i.e., moving from one category to a class within a category, each time. <br /><br />For example, here are some sample narrowings for papers of 10 to 12 pages:<br /><br />1. Public opinion polls: accuracy of polls: the accuracy of such polls in national elections: factors which determine the accuracy of public opinion polls in national elections.<br /><br />2. The climate of opinion between World War I and World War II: the moral climate, etc.: the particular arguments involved in the debate over Prohibition: the arguments for Prohibition used by the "Drys" in support of the 18th Amendment and their arguments in the late 1920's and early 1930's to prevent repeal.<br /><br />3. Discrimination against African-Americans: Northern attitudes vs. Southern attitudes: the particular geographical distinction: how Mason and Dixon's Line became a line of demarcation. <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br />4. The Civil War: crucial battles: one battle: Napoleonic strategy and the battle of Fredricksburg.<br /><br />5. Comparative religion-two religions; Judaism and Christianity; "salvation" in Judaism.<br /><br />Provide A Focus For Gathering Material<br /><br /> To avoid the gross error of making your paper a mere accumulation of facts, you must crystallize a genuine question, and your facts must then be used to answer this question. Whether it can be definitely answered or not is unimportant.<br /><br />A detailed outline at this stage is not usually possible since you are not sure of the material that you will uncover. Nevertheless, the specific question in mind will give you the needed focus for gathering pertinent material.<br /><br />Select A Bibliography<br /><br /> College libraries, or any good library for that matter, contain many valuable sources of reference material. It will pay you in the long run to find out just what these sources are and how you can learn to use them with the maximum efficiency. Don't make the mistake of waiting until just a few days before your paper is due to make your first acquaintance with the many reference books your library contains. A few minutes spent in the library at the beginning of the term, when you are not under pressure to finish a paper, will help you in the future.<br /><br /> The "backbone" of all libraries is the card catalogue system, which tells you not only what books the library possesses, but also where you can find them. Look, therefore, through the library's card file and record all pertinent references on separate 3x5 slips of paper.<br /><br /> Efficiency will be increased if all the information is systematically recorded in the following ways:<br /><br />A. Record the name of the library where the reference is located. Many universities have special libraries located in separate schools on campus.<br /><br />B. Record the short title of your subject. This will be important when working on current and subsequent papers.<br /><br />C. Record the library call number. You will not have to refer to the card catalogue whenever you want to use the same book again.<br /><br />D. Record accurately the full reference in exactly the same form that you plan to use in the bibliographic portion of your paper. This insures your including all the essential parts of the reference; also, the correct form will make easier the mechanics of typing.<br /><br />E. Record briefly your opinion of the reference; e.g., "not useful-does not discuss principles"; "excellent for case studies of poor readers at the secondary-school level."<br /><br /> Another valuable source of reference material which is somewhat like the card catalogue system is the periodical indexes, such as the Reader's Guide and Poole's Index To Periodical Literature. Often, there will be special indexes which list new books and articles for one field; for example, the Psychological Abstracts for the field of psychology, and the Educational Index for the field of education. Of course, do not overlook the general encyclopedias, such as the Britannica Americana and the New International, nor the more specialized works like the Encyclopedia of Banking and Finance and Who's Who In America. Finally, there are the yearbooks, of which the World Almanac and the Book of Facts are notable examples.<br /><br /> One frequently overlooked source of information is the personal interview. Every campus and town has its share of experts and authorities. If possible, arrange for an interview and be prepared to take notes.<br /> <br /><br />Gathering Notes<br /><br />1. Use note paper of uniform size. The 3x5 slips of paper are suggested because they are uniform, less bulky, and less expensive than cards. <br /><br />2. Use only one side of the slip, and then record only one topic on each slip.<br /><br />3. Identify the reference information on the note slips by writing the author's last name, or the title of the reference in the top left corner of the note slip. The page number or numbers should appear in parentheses at the end of the item of information. This system will enable you to find quickly again the exact page if further information is needed.<br /><br />4. Write notes in your own words. This will help insure that you understand what you are reading. Furthermore, you will be putting the information into a form which can be used in your paper. Always distinguish clearly between your words and the author's. Failure to do so might lead you unwittingly into plagiarism. <br /><br />5. Just as in taking notes on a textbook, always skim the article or chapter you are reading before writing the notes.<br /><br />6. Notations should be concise, yet sufficiently detailed to provide an accurate meaning.<br /><br />7. Taking time to write notations neatly will avoid the time and frustration of later deciphering.<br /><br />8. Use ink. Notes written in pencil will become blurred through handling and sorting. <br /><br />9. If you need direct quotations, use only a few of the outstanding phrases or sentences. Most students tend to quote too much and too often.<br /><br />10. Abbreviate only the common words, otherwise much time will be lost in "figuring out" unfamiliar "shorthand."<br /><br />11. When ideas and insights occur, write them on separate note slips under the caption "my own."<br /><br />Categorizing Notes<br /><br /> Having recorded only one topic on each slip mow permits you to arrange your slips into separate topic stacks. Also, having written on only one side of the slip enables you to see your full notes without turning slips back and forth. Now you will appreciate that you really were not "wasting"paper when you left the reverse side of each slip blank.<br /><br />Deciding On An Approach<br /><br /> To gain control over your material the crux of some matter must be dug out and presented in a way that illuminates the issue; some analysis or appraisal ought to be given. A reader who is presented with an assortment of facts-no matter how neatly arranged-asks, "So what?" and rightly so. You ought to have clearly in mind before you begin writing what you want this material to add up to. Remember, the predication is as important as the "subject."<br /><br />Drawing Up A Detailed Outline<br /><br /> Only by working out a detailed outline can you order and control your data so that it can be marshaled to support your stated objective. Worked into the outline, also, should be your approach, point of view, and strategy.<br /> In the process of writing an outline, you will acquire the prerequisite of all good writing-you will be forced to "think through" your material. This "thinking through" is what the professional writers call "digesting" your random facts. Once you do this, then you will quite naturally, as you write, draw from a reservoir of facts rather than stringing together a compartmentalized series of "snippets" which are usually someone else's paraphrased words. As a final "bonus" effect, the detailed outline will save you time during the revision stage since your facts will be in the right order from the beginning.<br /> <br /><br /><br /><br />Writing The First Draft<br /><br /> With the outline before you, write as rapidly and spontaneously as possible. Recording your thoughts as they go through your mind will help to insure continuity. It is when you stop to ponder alternatives that gaps in continuity occur. Though this manner of writing often results in too much material, don't be concerned because it is easier to cut than to add.<br /><br /><br />Make A Clear Copy<br /><br /> The first draft is usually rough-full of deletions, additions, and directions which are understandable only to the writer. If left in this state for even a day, much time might be lost in trying to recall exactly how you meant to blend in some of the hastily written interlineation. Furthermore, if you retype or rewrite while the material is still very fresh, some spontaneous revision may take place. The result, of course, will be a clear copy which will be ready for revision after a "cooling off" period of a day or so.<br /><br />Leave For A Day<br /><br /> The "cooling off" period is important. During the writing stage, your mind is so full of associations with the words which you have written that you are liable to impose clarity and step-by-step sequences where these do not, in fact, exist; that is, your mind can fill in and bridge the gaps. <br /><br /> After your mind has dropped some of these associations, then when you read your manuscript , you will have to "read" the words to gain meaning. You can now easily spot the glaring errors-you can be critically objective.<br /><br />The Importance of Editing Your Own Work<br /><br /> The editing function is one of the few really important big things that you can learn in college-the ability to view your own production with enough courage to anticipate (and be concerned about) the potential reader's reaction. This means polishing, boiling down ideas, struggling to say things clearer and clearer, perhaps starting over, or writing even 3 or 4 drafts.<br /><br />Your Final Copy<br /><br />1. In preparing the finished draft of your research paper, use only one side of white paper. Although a few instructors will specify precisely what size paper to use, the most commonly used paper measures 81/2 x 11 inches.<br /><br />2. Type your paper without any strike-overs (erase errors thoroughly and neatly) and be sure to double space.<br /><br />3. Leave generous margins at the top, bottom and about a one and one-half inch margin on both sides to provide room for the instructor's comments.<br /><br />4. Put your dictionary to good use by checking spellings and divisions of words you are not sure of.<br /><br />5. Hand in the paper on time. It is not uncommon for instructors to deduct points for late papers.Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-4442269702842510802010-02-01T23:46:00.000-08:002010-02-01T23:50:44.830-08:00MASALAH SOSIAL DI KALANGAN REMAJA: PUNCA DAN PENYELESAIAN<strong>Pengenalan<br /></strong>Belakangan ini terlalu banyak diperkatakan isu yang berkaitan dengan masalah sosial yang melibatkan remaja. Pelbagai andaian, hujah, cadangan, program dan aktiviti bagi menangani masalah sosial ini diutarakan. Perlakuan sosial yang negatif dalam bentuk devian sosial tidak seharusnya merupakan satu petunjuk ke atas kelemahan masyarakat untuk membudayakan pembangunan secara positif yang berteraskan prinsip dan nilai-nilai murni kemanusiaan serta agama.<br /><br /><strong>Pengertian masalah sosial remaja<br /></strong>Secara umumnya masalah sosial merangkumi berbagai perlakuan negatif anggota masyarakat yang tidak membawa sokongan dan keuntungan kepada kekuatan sistem dan struktur ekonomi yang diamalkan dalam sesuatu masyarakat ataupun negara.<br />Secara perundangan tidak terdapat definisi yang khusus bagi mengkategorikan remaja. Akta Pekerjaan Kanak-Kanak dan Orang Muda 1996 mentakrifkan seorang kanak-kanak adalah mereka yang berada dalam lingkungan umur 10 hingga 14 tahun. Dalam Akta Pengangkatan 1952, kanak-kanak didefinisikan mereka yang berumur 21 tahun ke bawah. Walaupun setiap akta ini tidak menjelaskan peringkat umur tertentu, secara umumnya dalam membicarakan masalah remaja, golongan remaja yang perlu ditumpukan adalah yang berumur di bawah 21 tahun dan sebahagian besar daripada mereka masih dalam alam persekolahan.<br /><strong></strong><br /><strong>Statistik Gejala Sosial Remaja<br /></strong>Di Malaysia, remaja merangkumi lebih daripada separuh keseluruhan penduduk. Oleh kerana bilangannya yang ramai, maka masalah yang berkaitan dengan kelompok ini juga banyak.<br />Data dan statistik banyak menunjukkan keruntuhan akhlak di kalanagan remaja di negara ini adalah semakin serius. Mengikut Pihak Berkuasa Jenayah Bukit Aman (Berita Harian, 22 September 1993) antara tahun 1990 dan 1992 sahaja, seramai 37602 individu ditahan bagi kesalahan jenayah harta benda serta kekerasan. Daripada jumlah ini, seramai 3450 atau 9.17% adalah remaja dan dalam kalangan remaja yang diberkas pula, kesalahan yang dilakukan boleh dibahagikan kepada jenayah kekerasan dan harta benda.<br />Perangkaan polis menunjukkan, antara kes jenayah yang selalu dilakukan oleh remaja adalah pecah rumah, rusuhan, pergaduhan sesama mereka, salah guna dadah, mencuri basikal atau motosikal (Utusan Malaysia, Januari 1992).<br />Jenayah yang dilakukan oleh remaja bukan hanya berlaku di kawasan bandar raya atau bandar-bandar besar sahaja, malah di merata tempat di seluruh pelusok negara. Sebagai contoh, di Kedah sahaja, sebanyak 307 kes jenayah berlaku sepanjang tahun 1991. Daripada jumlah itu, 73 kes membabitkan pelajar sekolah. Mengikut pembahagian kaum, seramai 204 kes melibatkan kaum Melayu, 54 remaja Cina dan 47 adalah remaja kaum India.<br />Berdasarkan statistik, kes melibatkan remaja jelas meningkat antara tahun 1990 dan 1992. Pada tahun 1990, sebanyak 657 kes dicatatkan, diikuti 830 kes pada tahun 1991 dan 1487 kes pada tahun 1992.<br />Satu lagi kesalahan yang melibatkan remaja adalah lari atau hilang dari rumah. Pada tahun 1990, terdapat 1578 kes, 1991 (1981 kes), 1992 (2221 kes) dan 1993 (1485 kes).<br />Dari segi jenayah melibatkan bahan berbahaya seperti dadah psikoaktif, antara tahun 1990 dan 1992, daripada jumlah 22912 penagih dadah yang ditahan, 2856 orang (12.46%) adalah remaja.<br />Statistik seterusnya adalah bersabit kesalahan akhlak yang amat serius dari kaca mata masyarakat Malaysia, iaitu perbuatan maksiat di kalangan remaja. Menurut Menteri Perpaduan Negara dan Pembanguan Masyarakat, Datuk Napsiah Omar (Berita Harian, 3 Februari 1992), bilangan remaja yang rosak ahklak masih tinggi. Pada tahun 1988, sebanyak 3978 kes dicatatkan, 4111 kes pada tahun 1989, 3763 kes pada tahun 1990 dan sebanyak 2658 kes sehingga bulan Oktober 1991.<br />Satu lagi tabiat remaja yang menampakkan potensi untuk menjadi gejala yang sukar dibendung adalah kegemaran mereka membazir masa. Istilah yang popular digunakan kini adalah “budaya lepak”. Satu kajian di dua buah rumah pangsa di Kuala Lumpur mendapati sebanyak 90% remaja kaum Cina terus pulang ke rumah selepas sekolah, sebanyak 72% remaja kaum India berbuat demikian dan hanya 5.8% remaja kaum Melayu pulang ke rumah selepas sekolah (Utusan Malaysia, 11 Mac 1993).<br /><br /><strong>Punca Keruntuhan Akhlak</strong><br />Daripada data dan statistik yang dibentangkan, terbukti keruntuhan ahklak di kalangan remaja masih pada tahap yang tinggi. Keruntuhan ahklak ini dapat dilihat dari pelbagai sudut. Antara punca yang dikenal pasti adalah seperti berikut;<br />1. Salah satu faktor yang dikaitkan dengan keruntuhan akhlak remaja adalah penglibatan dalam jenayah. Remaja yang terlibat dalam jenayah bukan sahaja datang daripada keluarga yang miskin tetapi juga keluarga berada, malah segelintir daripada mereka berasal daripada keluarga yang mempunyai latar belakang yang baik.<br />Justeru, bolehlah dikatakan bahawa punca-punca keruntuhan akhlak yang utama adalah kemerosotan dari segi asuhan, didikan, bimbingan serta kawalan oleh ibu bapa atau penjaga. Selain itu, tekanan hidup, sikap mengejar kemewahan serta penglibatan dalam aktiviti sosial lain menyebabkan ibu bapa dan anak kurang mempunyai masa atau kesempatan untuk bercakap, berbincang, berdamping antara satu sama lain. Malah ada yang jarang bersua muka. Keadaan ini menyebabkan remaja membawa cara hidup sendiri tanpa panduan dan pengawasan ibu bapa.<br />Keluarga yang terlalu mewah cara hidupnya juga menyebabkan keruntuhan disiplin remaja. Sebagai contoh, ibu bapa yang terlalu memanjakan anak-anak kerap memberikan wang saku yang terlalu banyak. Perbuatan ini menyebabkan mereka mudah dipengaruhi oleh remaja lain yang bersuka-suka. Kesan pergaulan bebas dan terpengaruh dengan rakan-rakan sebaya yang rosak akhlak akan memburukkan lagi keadaan. Juga sikap ibu bapa yang tidak mengambil berat tentang kelakukan dan pergaulan anak remaja mendorong pada kerosakkan ahklak. Remaja yang terlalu awal terdedah kepada alam masyarakat yang mempunyai sikap yang kompleks tanpa bimbingan mencukupi daripada ibu bapa juga merupakan salah satu faktor keruntuhan akhlak.<br />Antara punca-punca lain keruntuhan akhlak yang berkaitan dengan hubungan kekeluargaan adalah alam rumah tangga yang tidak teratur, perpisahan ibu bapa, pertengkaran yang kerap berlaku dalam keluarga, keadaan sosio-ekonomi yang sempit, suasana rumah tangga yang tidak harmonis dan tenteram serta tidak keupayaan pihak penjaga mengawasi pendidikan anak-anaknya boleh juga membawa kepada kancah keruntuhan moral.<br />Justeru, sebagai ibu bapa dan anggota masyarakat yang bertanggungjawab, kita seharusnya menjalankan kewajipan dengan merancang aktiviti, mengenal pasti masalah anak, memberi nasihat, pedoman, memberikan kemudahan-kemudahan serta mengawal selia anak sepanjang masa.<br />2. Pengaruh persekitaran, luaran dan media massa juga sentiasa membentuk perilaku para remaja yang masih mentah dalam menghadapi cabaran hidup. Pelbagai dorongan yang kurang sihat dipaparkan melalui persekitaran ini yang seterusnya menyebabkan mereka terikut-ikut dengan pengaruh ini. Lantaran itu untuk memenuhi keinginan ini, mereka merayau-rayau di pusat-pusat membeli-belah, pusat permainan video dan secara tidak langsung terlibat dalam pergaulan bebas.<br />3. Pengaruh di sekolah juga penting dalam pembentukkan akhlak remaja. Tekanan yang dihadapi pelajar semasa di sekolah kerana tumpuan terpaksa diberikan dalam akademik serta guru yang kurang profesional dalam menangani masalah pelajar yang bermasalah akhirnya menyebabkan pelajar mengambil jalan mudah untuk keluar daripada masalah itu dengan terlibat dengan kegiatan-kegiatan yang kurang sihat. Situasi ini didorong oleh kurang perhatian daripada ibu bapa di rumah.<br /><br /><strong>Cara Mengatasi Masalah</strong><br />Perbincangan mengenai keruntuhan ahklak remaja adalah berkisar isu pelajar remaja. Justeru, strategi mengatasi masalah seharusnya ditumpukan pada golongan remaja ini. Berikut beberapa saranan:<br />1. Peranan ibu bapa adalah amat penting dalam memberikan perhatian yang serius terhadap anak-anak mereka. Ibu bapa mestilah memperhatikan setiap gerak-geri atau pergerakan anak-anak mereka. Ibu bapa hendaklah sentiasa mengetahui dan mengenal pasti masalah yang dihadapi oleh anak mereka serta sanggup meluangkan masa untuk mengatasai masalah tersebut. Ibu bapa juga seharusnya mengetahui rakan-rakan anak mereka dan sentiasa memastikan anak-anak mereka berkawan dan bergaul dengan mereka yang mempunyai kedudukkan moral yang baik. Selain itu ibu bapa hendaklah menghabiskan sebahagian daripada masa seharian bersama anak-anak mereka dengan memberikan keyakinan, keberanian, mewujudkan sikap positif terhadap masalah, emosi dan keputusan. Selain itu tingkatkan penghayatan anak-anak terhadap agama, nilai-nilai murni, motivasi, melatih anak cara bersopan, prinsip-prinsip akauntabiliti, tepati janji, berketerampilan, menunjukkan keperibadian yang mulia, amanah, sanggup menerima kelemahan diri serta meneroka potensi anak. Ibu bapa hendaklah menjadi role model kepada anak.<br />2. Pendekatan akademik. Ini boleh dilakukan dengan menambahkan aktiviti-aktiviti berteraskan akademik dan separa akademik seperti kegiatan ko-kurikulum di sekolah. Begitu juga dengan perubahan-perubahan teknik-teknik pengajaran seperti penggunaan komputer, video, bantuan alat pandang dengar dan teknik pengajaran luar kelas.<br />3. Mewujudkan sistem perundangan di sekolah. Peruntukan undang-undang di peringkat sekolah boleh menimbulkan rasa takut di kalangan pelajar sekolah, di samping mengurangkan beban dan tanggungjawab pihak sekolah dan pihak ibu bapa dalam pengawasan disiplin.<br />4. Penguatkuasaan Undang-Undang oleh pihak berkuasa seperti polis. Bidang kuasa polis yang sedia ada perlu digunakan oleh pihak pentadbir sekolah dalam mendisiplinkan pelajar-pelajar. Pihak pentadbir hendaklah mengambil kesempatan dengan merujuk masalah pelajar ini kepada pihak polis.<br />5. Langkah-langkah pencegahan yang bersesuaian hendaklah diadakan seperti kaunseling di peringkat sekolah. Kaunseling di peringkat sekolah adalah penting dalam membantu remaja mengatasi masalah mereka. Program ini akan lebih bermakna sekiranya kaunselor-kaunselor yang berkelayakan dan berpengalaman dilantik dalam memantapkan pelaksanaan dan keberkesanan kaunseling tersebut.<br />6. Persatuan Ibu Bapa dan Guru (PIBG) perlulah memainkan peranan yang penting. Pertemuan yang lebih kerap antara ibu bapa, penjaga dan guru perlu diadakan khasnya bagi pelajar-pelajar yang bermasalah. Ibu bapa seharusnya menerima teguran daripada guru dengan sikap terbuka dan positif. PIBG jangan lah jadi umpama “KUCING TAK BERGIGI, TIKUS LOMPAT TINGGI-TINGGI”<br /><strong></strong><br /><strong>Kesimpulan</strong><br />Pelbagai langkah boleh diambil dan dilaksanakan, tetapi apa yang lebih penting: ibu bapa mestilah memainkan peranan dan tanggungjawab dalam mengatasi masalah keruntuhan akhlak di kalangan remaja. Dengan kata lain, walau apapun langkah yang diambil oleh mana-mana pihak, tanpa kerjasama daripada ibu bapa, nescaya gejala ini sukar diatasi.<br /><br />Oleh: Muhd Faisal B. Mohd RadziPra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4463422020471305143.post-65257914951420414062010-01-30T01:24:00.000-08:002010-01-30T01:42:04.960-08:00Salam Pengenalan.<span style="font-family:georgia;color:#333333;">Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatu. Alhamdulillah, idea bagi mewujudkan blog pra-u akhirnya tercapai. InsyaAllah blog ini akan dijadikan medium bagi pelajar-pelajar pra universiti/tingkatan 6 SMKA Al-Irshad bagi berinteraksi dan mempamerkan karya penulisan masing-masing. Selain itu, blog ini sedikit sebanyak akan memberikan panduan-panduan serta tips kepada pelajar bagi meningkatkan kecemerlangan dalam pelbagai aspek termasuklah akademik dan sahsiah. Akhir kata diharapkan agar blog pra-u ini akan dapat dimanfaatkan sepenuhnya oleh pelajar-pelajar pra-universiti di seluruh Malaysia amnya dan rakan-rakan pra-u di Al-Irshad khasnya. Sekian,Wassalam.</span><br /><span style="font-family:georgia;color:#333333;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:georgia;color:#333333;">oleh: Muhammad Hasifi</span>Pra-U SMKA Al-Irshadhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15205816470484776947noreply@blogger.com1